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Sociology Class Notes

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A handwritten compilation of basic sociology class notes, including definitions. Neatly written and organized.

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  • 14 december 2024
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Chapter 1: Real World 1123/24
Sociology and the

~
Sociology
:
The systematic or scientific study of human

behavior, from
Society and social large-scale institutions

and mass culture to small and individual interactions.
groups
-
Large Scope
Society A shape their lives
aggregated
~
: of who in
group people

patterned their group from
and ways that distinguish others.
-

How do
sociologists observe Society?

By studying the various parts of a
society + the
ways they
·




interact + influence one another
-



Howard Becker's Sociology :
niether individual nor


exists independently of another
Society one .




of self derives from membership of
sense
society
-




of social sciences
Sociology = one the
-

...




-


Sociological Perspective : way of
looking at the world
through a



sociological lens .




between practical knowledge
↳ one part is
distinguishing
and scientific knowledge .


allows you to
Ways to
gain a practical get along in
everyday life
:




sociological scientific systematic comprehensive coherent , clear consistent
:
perspective
=
, , ,




S
-




Beginner's mind=Approaching the world without preconceptions
in order to see things a way
new .
-

Culture Shock =
A sense of disorientation that occurs when

radically social cultural
entering a new or .
environment


Sociological Imagination : A quality of the mind that
X
C Wright allows us to understand the relationship between individual
Mills way of
sociological circumstances and larger social forces.
perspective ;
quality of mind -

C .

Wright Mills : coined this term , said to understand social life
, we must

understand"the intersection between biography and history."

-searches for the link between microt macro levels of analysis : allows

us to see the connection between a particular situation in our lives +




at broader social level.
something happening a

, > Levels of :
Analysis
:
studies face to face+ small
Microsociology group interactions
~




Macrosociology social patterns
~
: Studies large scale

-


Theories Abstract
:
propositions that explain the social world and make


predictions about the future.

A
Paradigm:
-


set of theories , and perspectives that makes up
assumptions ,
a way of understanding social reality
.

# 3 Major Paradigms :




) Structural Functionalism: Society is a unit made up of

interelated parts that work .
together
-



Society is conciered as a stable , ordered system made up of

interrelated parts , or structures.

-

Structure : A social institution that is
relatively stable over time

and that meets of a society by performing functionsrecessary to

maintain social order and .
stability
2) ConflictTheory : A
paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis

of
society and social change and that emphasizes a materialist view .


Social The unequal distribution of , power
wealth
Inequality : prestige among
-

or



members of a society.


The richest 1% of U S
population owned 32 1 % of country's
-

S
.
.




wealth
. The bottom 50% of population owned 2 5%. of wealth
.


Karl Marx inspired conflict theory called "Marxism" :
-




,
sometimes

-

False Consciousness :
A denial of the truth on the part of the oppressed

when they fail to recognize that the interests of the
ruling class


are embedded in the dominant ideology.
-

Marx argued that the only wall to change the status
quo and to

end oppression is for the lower class) masses to attain class

consciousness.

Class consciousness : the social irequality
recognition of
·




on the part of the oppressed leading to
,
revolutionary action.

~
Offshoot of Conflict Treom
:
Critical Race Theory
-


also feminist theom + Queer theory

, Max Weber :
~
Rationalism -

the application of economic logic to human activity
of
Iron
Cage bureaucratic structures take control lives
~ -
our



through rigid rules and rationalization.
3) Symbolic Interactionism :


-A that
paradigm sees interaction and
meaning as central to society

and assumes that
meanings are not inherent but are created through
interaction. It focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on how we interpret
,

make sense of and define ourselves, others and ,
social situations.
,



Erving Goffman-studied how self is developed through interactions
-




with others in
society

Dramaturgy live like play :
upstage backstage
-
-

we we were in a ,

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