Week 3 - Musculoskeletal & Neurologic Systems Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

1 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. Week 3 - Musculoskeletal & Neurologic Systems Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass The frontal lobe has areas concerned with - ANSWER -personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function. The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe initiates what kind of movement? - ANSWER -voluntary The parietal lobe's postcentral gyrus is the primary center for ______________. - ANSWER -sensation The temporal lobe behind the ear has which 3 functions? - ANSWER -hearing, taste, and smell. Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension. When damaged in the person's dominant hemisphere, _____________ aphasia results. The person hears sound, but it has no meaning, like hearing a foreign language. - ANSWER -receptive Broca's area in the frontal lobe mediates motor speech. When injured in the dominant hemisphere, _________________ aphasia results; the person cannot talk. The person can understand language and knows what he or she wants to say but can produce only a garbled sound. - ANSWER -expressive The thalamus is the main relay station where the sensory pathways of the spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brainstem form synapses on their way to the cerebral cortex. It is an integrating center with connections that are crucial to human _____________ & ____________. - ANSWER -emotion and creativity Hypothalamus - ANSWER -a major respiratory center with basic vital functions: temperature, appetite, sex drive, heart rate, and blood pressure (BP) control; sleep center; anterior and posterior pituitary gland regulator; and coordinator of autonomic nervous system activity and stress response. 2 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. The cerebellum - ANSWER -is concerned with motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium (i.e., the postural balance of the body), and muscle tone. It does not initiate movement but coordinates and smooths it (e.g., the complex and quick coordination of many different muscles needed in playing the piano, swimming, or juggling). What are the 3 parts of the brainstem? - ANSWER -1. Midbrain—The most anterior part of the brainstem. It merges into the thalamus and hypothalamus. It contains many motor neurons and tracts. 2. Pons—The enlarged area containing ascending sensory and descending motor tracts. It has two respiratory centers (pneumotaxic and apneustic) that coordinate with the main respiratory center in the medulla. 3. Medulla—The continuation of the spinal cord in the brain that contains all ascending and descending fiber tracts. It has vital autonomic centers (respiration, heart, gastrointestinal function) and nuclei for cranial nerves VIII through XII. Pyramidal decussation (crossing of the motor fibers) occurs here (see p. 636). Spinal Cord Location & Functions - ANSWER -from the medulla to lumbar vertebrae L1-L2. Its white matter is bundles of myelinated axons that form the main highway for ascending and descending fiber tracts that connect the brain to the spinal nerves. It mediates reflexes of posture control, urination, and pain response. The spinothalamic tract contains sensory fibers that transmit which sensations? - ANSWER -pain, temperature, and crude or light touch (i.e., not precisely localized) 3 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. The Posterior (Dorsal) Columns' fibers conduct which sensations? - ANSWER -position, vibration, and finely localized touch What is the term for being able to identify familiar objects by touch -without looking? Which sensory pathway is used (anterolateral or spinothalamic tract or the posterior (dorsal) columns)? - ANSWER -stereognosis Posterior (Dorsal) Columns The sensory cortex is arranged in a specific pattern forming a corresponding "map" of the body called the ___________________. Which organs are not included? - ANSWER -homunculus the heart, liver, or spleen. You know you have one but you have no "felt image" of it, only refeered pain Cranial Nerve II—Optic Nerve: How to test the function of this CN? - ANSWER -Test visual acuity and visual fields by confrontation Using the ophthalmoscope, examine the ocular fundus to determine the color, size, and shape of the optic disc Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI—Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves 4 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. How to test the function of these CNs? - ANSWER -Palpebral fissures (distance between eyelids) are usually equal in width or nearly so. Check pupils for size, regularity, equality, direct and consensual light reaction, and accommodation Assess extraocular movements by the cardinal positions of gaze How do we test the Cranial Nerve V—Trigeminal Nerve? - ANSWER -SENSORY: With the person's eyes closed, test light touch sensation by touching a cotton wisp to these designated areas on person's face: forehead, cheeks, and chin (Fig. 23-10). Ask the person to say "Now" whenever the touch is felt. This tests all three divisions of the nerve: (1) ophthalmic, (2) maxillary, and (3) mandibular. MOTOR: Assess the muscles of mastication by palpating the temporal and masseter muscles as the person clenches the teeth (Fig. 23-9). Muscles should feel equally strong on both sides. Try to separate the jaws by pushing down on the chin; normally you cannot. How do we test the Cranial Nerve VII—Facial Nerve? - ANSWER -Motor Function. Note mobility and facial symmetry as the person responds to these requests: smile (Fig. 23-11), frown, close eyes tightly 5 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. (against your attempt to open them), lift eyebrows, show teeth, and puff cheeks (Fig. 23-12). Press the person's puffed cheeks in and note that the air should escape equally from both sides. How do we test the Cranial Nerves IX and X—Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves? - ANSWER - Depress the tongue with a tongue blade and note pharyngeal movement as the person says "ahhh" or yawns; the uvula and soft palate should rise in the midline, and the tonsillar pillars should move medially. Touch the posterior pharyngeal wall with a tongue blade and note the gag reflex. Also note that the voice sounds smooth and not strained. How do we test the Cranial Nerve XI—Spinal Accessory Nerve? - ANSWER -Examine the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles for equal size. Check equal strength by asking the person to rotate the head forcibly against resistance applied to the side of the chin (Fig. 23-13). Then ask the person to shrug the shoulders against resistance (Fig. 23-14). These movements should feel equally strong on both sides. How do we test the Cranial Nerve XII—Hypoglossal Nerve? - ANSWER -Inspect the tongue. No wasting or tremors should be present. Note the forward thrust in the midline as the person protrudes the tongue. Also ask the person to say "light, tight, dynamite" and note that lingua