Class notes

Nursing Patho 207

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Course
NSG 207

Institution
Colorado State University-Pueblo

Content that helps with passing NSG 207. The document is a detailed study guide that covers the chapters and is put in a question format that also has the link to the quizlet.

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Uploaded on December 27, 2024
Number of pages 7
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Nichols
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Module 1 Pathophysiology ( Quizlet
Username:https://quizlet.com/935195845/module-1-pathophysiology-flash-cards/?i=4mllt
o&x=1jqt)
What is the process of meiosis?
Process in which particular sex cells are created.
Females produce what kind of cells?
Egg cells ( 23 unpaired)
Males produce what kind of cells ?
Sperm cells ( 23 unpaired)
How many chromosomes do humans have (usually)?
46 chromosomes
Steps of meiosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Define Prophase.
Chromosome replication
Define Metaphase.
Chromosomes realigning into the middle of the cell
Define anaphase/telophase
Homologous chromosome creating 2 haploids.
What is gametogenesis?
occurs through the process of meiosis and produces reproductive cells
What is the process of Mitosis?
DNA replication results in all cells having 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Where does mitosis happen?
It happens in the nucleus of a cell that divides, creating two nuclei.
What may happen if there are errors in mitosis?
It can kill a cell or cause mutations that may lead to disease. ex: CANCER

What are the outcomes of meiosis?
1. Produces haploid germ
2.Produces 4 daughter cells
3.Involves crossing over and gene reassortment between homologous chromosomes
4. Involves two nuclear divisions
What are the outcomes of Mitosis?
1. Involves one nuclear division
2. DOES NOT involve crossing over
3. Produces diploid somatic cells
4. Produces 2 daughter cells
What is molecular level?
Genes are the body's blueprints to make protein, and are composed of sequences of DNA.
What happens where there is a an error in one or more genes?
Genetic disorder
What is a genetic mutation?
Genetic mutations have minimal impact, while others can result in significant disorders or
anomalies.
What is a gene?

, Module 1 Pathophysiology ( Quizlet
Username:https://quizlet.com/935195845/module-1-pathophysiology-flash-cards/?i=4mllt
o&x=1jqt)
A section of the DNA strand that carries the instructions for a specific function
What is an Allele?
Different versions of many genes. EX: Hair color, Eye color
What is DNA?
( deoxyribonucleic acid)
A complex molecule that provides the genetic code for every part of the human body , as well as
reproduction and inheritance.
What is the appearance of DNA?
1. Double helix
2. Twisted ladder w/ 4 nitrogenous bases forming its rungs
What is DNA replication?
It happens in the cell's nucleus and only takes a few hours. (a process that creates cells to
divide, providing new cell growth or replacement of damaged tissue)
Does every cell in an individual's body have the exact same DNA code? True or false?
True
What are the steps in DNA replication?
When DNA is unzipped, it creates 2 single strands of DNA that act as templates for the new
strands of DNA to be formed.
What is a mutagens ?
A trigger that leads to a mutation in the DNA, increasing the genetic change.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA template can result in abnormal DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.
What is it called when there is an absence of mutagens?
Spontaneous mutations
Can mutations be subtle or silent and cause no problems?
True ( mutations ( silent) in the DNA do not have an observable effect on the organism's
phenotype (physical attribute).
What is one of the most important sources of mutagens (chemicals) throughout the world?
Cigarette smoke, mutate DNA with an increase risk of developing Cancer.
What is a series mutation , What can it lead to?
A series mutation is where the cell is damaged and causes a physical problem, which leads to
CELL DEATH, CELL DYSFUNCTION, OR CANCER.
What is the function of RNA? ( ribonucleic acid)
It is formed by transcribing the genetic code contained in the DNA nucleotide sequence into a
single-stranded molecule.
Role of RNA?
Direct protein synthesis. ( very similar to DNA but has several important unique characteristics)
Ex: Uracil attaches to adenine
RNA define?
Reads the genetic code on the DNA and directs protein synthesis.
RNA mediates( intervening) what?
transcription and translation
What is transcription?

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