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Ontwikkelingspsychologie AJ 2024-2025Ontwikkelingspsychologie
Inhoudsopgave
Ontwikkelingspsychologie .......................................................................................................1
1. Introductie .......................................................................................................................3
DEF ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE ...............................................................................3
DEFINITIE ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE.......................................................................3
BASISTHEMA’S .................................................................................................................4
BEHAVIORISME ................................................................................................................6
SOCIAAL-COGNITIEVE LEERTHEORIE ...............................................................................7
COGNITIEVE LEERTHEORIE ..............................................................................................7
HUMANISTISCH PERSPECTIEF..........................................................................................7
CONTEXCTUEEL PERSPECTIEF .........................................................................................8
SOCIOCULTURELE THEORIE.............................................................................................8
EVOLUTIONAIRE PSYCHOLOGIE .......................................................................................8
2. Prenatale periode .............................................................................................................8
GENETICA ........................................................................................................................8
GEDRAGSGENETICA ........................................................................................................9
INTERACTIE VERSUS CORRELATIE .................................................................................. 10
EPIGENETICA ................................................................................................................. 10
3. De Geboorte .................................................................................................................. 11
GEBOORTE(ZORG) ......................................................................................................... 12
4. Pasgeborene – Peuter ..................................................................................................... 13
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING ................................................................................................ 13
MOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING ....................................................................................... 14
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 16
TAAL .............................................................................................................................. 18
SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING .......................................................... 19
5. De Kleuter ...................................................................................................................... 23
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING VAN DE KLEUTER ..................................................................... 23
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 24
SOCIOCULTURELE THEORIE........................................................................................... 25
PERSOONLIJKE ONTWIKKELING VAN DE KLEUTER .......................................................... 27
SOCIALE ONTWIKKELING VAN DE KLEUTER .................................................................... 28
6. De kindertijd .................................................................................................................. 33
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING ................................................................................................ 33
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,Ontwikkelingspsychologie AJ 2024-2025
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 35
SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKE ONTWIKKELING IN DE KINDERTIJD ..................................... 40
7. Adolescentie .................................................................................................................. 43
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING ................................................................................................ 43
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 46
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING .............................................................................. 49
SOCIALE ONTWIKKELING ............................................................................................... 52
8. Emerging Adulthood ....................................................................................................... 54
9. Vroege volwassenheid .................................................................................................... 57
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING ................................................................................................ 57
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 58
SOCIALE ONTWIKKELING ............................................................................................... 59
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING .............................................................................. 60
10. Midden volwassenheid ............................................................................................... 60
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING ................................................................................................ 60
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 61
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING .............................................................................. 61
SOCIALE ONTWIKKELING ............................................................................................... 62
11. Late volwassenheid ................................................................................................... 62
FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING ................................................................................................ 63
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING ......................................................................................... 63
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING .............................................................................. 63
SOCIALE ONTWIKKELING ............................................................................................... 64
12. Dood ......................................................................................................................... 65
Vragencollege ....................................................................................................................... 66
Algemene info examen ................................................................................................... 66
Les 1 .............................................................................................................................. 66
LES 2 ............................................................................................................................. 67
LES 3 ............................................................................................................................. 67
LES 7 ............................................................................................................................. 69
LES 8 ............................................................................................................................. 70
LES 9 ............................................................................................................................. 71
LES 10............................................................................................................................ 72
Voorbeeldvragen ................................................................................................................... 73
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,Ontwikkelingspsychologie AJ 2024-2025
1. Introductie
DEF ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE: Is de wetenschappelijke studie van de
veranderingsprocessen en stabiliteit bij (een) individu(en) vanaf de conceptie tot aan de dood op
verschillende domeinen in wisselwerking met de omgeving
- Wetenschappelijke studie:
➔ Stellen van vragen → verklaring formuleren
→ onderzoek voeren dat ofwel de verklaring
steunt ofwel verwerpt
➔ Twee populaire types van onderzoek
Correlationeel Experimenteel
➔ Niet makkelijk in
ontwikkelingspsychologie
Kan op korte termijn
Omgevingsfactoren zijn zeer moeilijk te
controleren
= correlatie verband
➔ Onderzoek tussen twee dingen die
geen oorzakelijk verband hebben
Vb. correlatie tussen het kijken van
gewelddadig programma’s en agressie
vb. nature(genetisch) versus nuture (opvoeding)
➔ Documentaire three identical
strangers
! belangrijk om stil te staan bij ethiek
DEFINITIE ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE:
- Van conceptie tot dood
- Niet strikt gedefinieerd
3
, Ontwikkelingspsychologie AJ 2024-2025
Verandert nog doorheen de tijd door
interactie met de omgeving
Op verschillende domeinen
In wisselwerking met de omgeving
BASISTHEMA’S
Continu Discontinu
Graduele toename van een Verschillende stadia met
zelfde soort vaardigheid verschillende specifieke kenmerken
Kwantitatieve verandering Kwalitatieve verandering
Universeel Individueel
Kritieke/gevoelige perioden Verschillende contexten
Iedereen neemt dezelfde stappen op ongv. Individueel pad van ontwikkeling met
dezelfde moment gemeenschappelijke trends
Nature Nurture
Genetische invoelden Omgevingsinvloeden
Aangeboren Sociale wereld
Meestal conclusie nature en nurture bepalen
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