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EOSC 210 Question and answers rated A+
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EOSC 210 Question and answers rated A+ Principle of original horizontality - correct answer -due to gravity, sedimentary rocks are deposited as horizontal layers -folds, faults would have occurred after deposition Principle of Superposition - correct answer -in a sequence of bedded rock,...

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  • January 4, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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EOSC 210 Question and answers rated
A+
Principle of original horizontality - correct answer ✔-due to gravity,
sedimentary rocks are deposited as horizontal layers
-folds, faults would have occurred after deposition


Principle of Superposition - correct answer ✔-in a sequence of bedded rock,
the rock layer above is younger than the ones below it


Cross-cutting relationships - correct answer ✔-igneous intrusions and faults
are younger than the rocks that they intrude or break
-states that any rock that cuts across or penetrates a second rock body is
younger than the rock it penetrates


Principle of Lateral Continuity - correct answer ✔-rock units with similar
characteristics can be correlated across different exposures over large
distances
-correlation can be aided using fossil assemblages, especially when
considering rock exposures separated by 10's to 1000's of km


Unconformaties - correct answer ✔-represent breaks in the geologic record
(ie. erosional surfaces and missing rock in the expected sequence)
-the surface separating two rock sequences


Principle of Biotic Succession - correct answer ✔-organisms have evolved
and gone extinct through time, specific groups of fossils succeed one another
in the rock record in a definite order (ie. evolution)

,-fossil content can be used to help determine the age of the rock units they're
found in


Relative dating - correct answer ✔based on fossil assemblages


Absolute dating - correct answer ✔e.g. radiometric dating


Relative time - correct answer ✔Age of units relative to one another 1.
observed contact relationships between rock units 2. fossil record


Absolute time - correct answer ✔specific age of a unit in years 1. Ga Giga
annum (billion years ago) 2. MA Mega annum (million years ago) 3. Ka Kilo
annum (thousand years ago)


Hadean Eon (4.0-4.5 Ga) - correct answer ✔earths cooling period;
widespread volcanism


Archean Eon (2.5-4.0 Ga) - correct answer ✔first unicellular life forms "age
of bacteria"; oldest rocks found on the planet; final stages of Earth cooling and
formation of the crust


Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Ga-545 Ma) - correct answer ✔most diamonds formed;
oldest sedimentary rocks; formation of ozone layer; first multicellular
organisms (jellyfish)


Phanerozoic Eon (<545 Ma "visible life") - correct answer ✔Paleozoic Era:
age of marine life; Mesozoic Era: reptiles; Cenozoic Era: Mammals

, Three principles of geology - correct answer ✔1) Principle of original
horizontality 2) Principle of original continuity 3) Principle of superposition


Principle of Uniformitarianism - correct answer ✔geological processes
causing change on the earth are gradual rather than catastrophic and are the
same processes that can be observed today


Compressional (P) waves - correct answer ✔travel through both solids and
liquids


Shear (S) waves - correct answer ✔only travel through solids


Mantle - correct answer ✔-viscous behavior
-consist of magnesium, iron and silicon
- ~300 km thick


Lithosphere - correct answer ✔earths rigid outer shell (includes the crust and
upper part of the mantle


Asthenosphere - correct answer ✔weak part of the upper mantle that
behaves like a viscous solid (plastic)


Pangea Proof - correct answer ✔jigsaw puzzle fit of the continents;
alignments of geologic features and similar rock types/ages; alignment of
fossil finds; alignment of paleoclimates


Paleomagnetism - correct answer ✔Fe-rich minerals align parallel to the
Earth's magnetic field; through time the magnetic field reverses and is record
in rocks

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