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ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK ALL CHAPTERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES

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  • Advanced pharmacology
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  • Advanced Pharmacology

: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9 3. A CNM: a. may treat only women. b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states. c. may administer only drugs used during labor and delivery. d. may practice only in birthing centers and home birth settings. ANS: B CNMs have prescriptive authority...

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Document information

  • January 5, 2025
  • 226
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • prescriptive authority and role implementation
  • historical review of prescriptive authority
  • general pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic princ
  • special populations geriatrics

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  • Advanced pharmacology
  • Advanced pharmacology

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ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK ALL
CHAPTERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES

Chapter 01: Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. Change
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical
schools?
a. Changes in Medicare reimbursement
methods recommended in 1992
b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring
to meet primary care shortages
c. The need for monopolistic control in the
marketplace of primary outpatient care
d. The recognition that nonphysicians have
variable success providing primary care
ANS: A
The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial
reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of
primary care providers, this incentive led medical schools to place greater emphasis on
preparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased
coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been
shown to be safe and effective.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2

2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
a. Older physicians tend to prescribe more
appropriate medications than younger
physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the top
five classifications of medications
prescribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic
armamentarium” that consists of less than
100 drug preparations per physician.
d. The dominant form of drug information
used by primary care physicians continues
to be that provided by pharmaceutical
companies.

, ANS: D
Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on
academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than
scientific sources of drug information dominated their drug information materials.
Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have
dropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a
therapeutic armamentarium of about 144 drugs.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3

3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers of
medications, it will be important to:
a. attain the same level of expertise as
physicians who currently prescribe
medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians
and develop expertise based on evidence-
based practice.
c. maintain collaborative and supervisorial
relationships with physicians who will
oversee prescribing practices.
d. develop relationships with pharmaceutical
representatives to learn about new
medications as they are developed.
ANS: B
As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be
important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing
practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including
physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the past. NPs should
work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another
professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some bias.
Academic sources are better.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4

Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs,
CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of
the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defines
how NPs may write prescriptions:

, a. without physician supervision in private
practice.
b. as CRNAs without physician supervision
in a hospital setting.
c. in any situation but will not be reimbursed
for this by government insurers.
d. only with physician supervision in both
private practice and a hospital setting.
ANS: B
In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician
supervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to write
prescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9

2. CRNAs in most states:
a. must have a Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA) number to practice.
b. must have prescriptive authority to
practice.
c. order and administer controlled substances
but do not have full prescriptive authority.
d. administer medications, including
controlled substances, under direct
physician supervision.
ANS: C
Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not
require prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient and
do not prescribe. Without prescriptive authority, they do not need a DEA number.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9

3. A CNM:
a. may treat only women.
b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
c. may administer only drugs used during
labor and delivery.
d. may practice only in birthing centers and
home birth settings.
ANS: B

, CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. They may treat partners of women for
sexually transmitted diseases. They have full prescriptive authority and are not limited to
drugs used during childbirth. They practice in many other types of settings.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 9

4. In oevery ostate, oprescriptive oauthority ofor oNPs oincludes othe oability oto owrite
oprescriptions:

a. for ocontrolled osubstances.
b. for ospecified oclassifications oof
omedications.

c. without ophysician-mandated oinvolvement.
d. with ofull, oindependent oprescriptive
oauthority.

ANS: o B
All ostates onow ohave osome odegree oof oprescriptive oauthority ogranted oto oNPs, obut onot
oall ostates oallow oauthority oto oprescribe ocontrolled osubstances. oMany ostates ostill
orequire osome odegree oof ophysician oinvolvement owith ocertain otypes oof odrugs.


DIF: Cognitive oLevel: oUnderstanding o(Comprehension) REF: o12

5. The ocurrent otrend otoward otransitioning oNP oprograms oto othe odoctoral olevel owill omean
othat:

a. NPs olicensed oin oone ostate omay opractice
oin oother ostates.

b. full oprescriptive oauthority owill obe
ogranted oto oall oNPs owith odoctoral
odegrees.

c. NPs owill obe obetter oprepared oto omeet
oemerging ohealth ocare oneeds oof opatients.

d. requirements ofor ophysician osupervision
oof oNPs owill obe oremoved oin oall ostates.

ANS: o C
The oAmerican oAssociation oof oColleges oof oNursing ohas orecommended otransitioning
ograduate olevel oNP oprograms oto othe odoctoral olevel oas oa oresponse oto ochanges oin
ohealth ocare odelivery oand oemerging ohealth ocare oneeds. oNPs owith odoctoral odegrees
owill onot onecessarily ohave ofull oprescriptive oauthority oor obe ofreed ofrom orequirements
oabout ophysician osupervision obecause othose oare osubject oto oindividual ostate olaws.
oNPs owill ostill obe orequired oto omeet olicensure orequirements oof oeach ostate.


DIF: Cognitive oLevel: oUnderstanding o(Comprehension) REF: o12

6. An oimportant odifference obetween ophysician oassistants o(PAs) oand oNPs ois oPAs:
a. always owork ounder ophysician
osupervision.

b. are onot orequired oto ofollow odrug
otreatment

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