PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ch8TH chEDITION chMCCANCE chTEST chBANK
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic
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Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
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ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ch8TH chEDITION chMCCANCE chTEST chBANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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ch
MULTIPLE chCHOICE ch
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1. Which chstatement chbest chdescribes chthe chcellular chfunction chof chmetabolic chabsorption? ch
a. Cells chcan chproduce chproteins. ch c. chCells chcan chtake chin chand chuse chnutrients. ch
b. Cells chcan chsecrete chdigestive chenzymes. ch d. chCells chcan chsynthesize chfats. ch
ch
ch
ANS: chC ch
In chmetabolic chabsorption, chall chcells chtake chin chand chuse chnutrients chand chother chsubstances
chfrom chtheir chsurroundings. chThe chremaining choptions chare chnot chinclusive chin chtheir
chdescriptions chof chcellular chmetabolic chabsorption. ch
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2. Most chof cha chcell’s chgenetic chinformation, chincluding chRNA chand chDNA, chis chcontained chin chthe: ch
a. Mitochondria ch c. chNucleolus ch
b. Ribosome ch d. chLysosome ch
ch
ch
ANS: chC ch
The chnucleus chcontains chthe chnucleolus, cha chsmall chdense chstructure chcomposed chlargely chof
chRNA, chmost chof chthe chcellular chDNA, chand chthe chDNA-binding chproteins, chsuch chas chthe
chhistones, chwhich chregulate chits chactivity. chThe chother choptions chdo chnot chcontain chmost chof cha
chcell’s chgenetic chinformation. ch
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3. Which chcomponent chof chthe chcell chproduces chhydrogen chperoxide ch(HNURSINGTB.COM 2O2)
chby chusing choxygen chto chremove chhydrogen chatoms chfrom chspecific chsubstrates chin chan choxidative
chreaction? ch
a. Lysosomes ch c. chRibosomes ch
b. Peroxisomes ch d. chOxyhydrosomes ch
ch
ch
ANS: chB ch
Peroxisomes chare chso chnamed chbecause chthey chusually chcontain chenzymes chthat chuse choxygen
chto chremove chhydrogen chatoms chfrom chspecific chsubstrates chin chan choxidative chreaction chthat
chproduces chH2O2, chwhich chis cha chpowerful choxidant chand chpotentially chdestructive chif chit
chaccumulates chor chescapes chfrom chperoxisomes. chRibosomes chare chRNA-protein chcomplexes
ch(nucleoproteins) chthat chare chsynthesized chin chthe chnucleolus chand chsecreted chinto chthe
chcytoplasm chthrough chpores chin chthe chnuclear chenvelope chcalled chnuclear chpore chcomplexes.
chLysosomes chare chsaclike chstructures chthat choriginate chfrom chthe chGolgi chcomplex chand
chcontain chmore chthan ch40 chdigestive chenzymes chcalled chhydrolases, chwhich chcatalyze chbonds
chin chproteins, chlipids, chnucleic chacids, chand chcarbohydrates. chOxyhydrosomes chare chinvolved
chin chenzyme chproduction. ch
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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ch8TH chEDITION chMCCANCE chTEST chBANK
4. Which chcell chcomponent chis chcapable chof chcellular chautodigestion chwhen chit chis chreleased chduring
chcell chinjury? ch
a. Ribosome ch c. chSmooth chendoplasmic chreticulum ch
b. Golgi chcomplex ch d. chLysosomes ch
ch
ch
ANS: chD ch
The chlysosomal chmembrane chacts chas cha chprotective chshield chbetween chthe chpowerful chdigestive
chenzymes chwithin chthe chlysosome chand chthe chcytoplasm, chpreventing chtheir chleakage chinto chthe
chcytoplasmic chmatrix. chDisruption chof chthe chmembrane chby chvarious chtreatments chor chcellular
chinjury chleads chto cha chrelease chof chthe chlysosomal chenzymes, chwhich chcan chthen chreact chwith
chtheir chspecific chsubstrates, chcausing chcellular chself-digestion. chThe chother choptions chdo chnot
chcorrectly chdescribe chthis chprocess. ch
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5. What chis chthe chsequence chof chsteps chin chthe chdevelopment chof cha chdigestive chenzyme chby chthe
chpancreas chcells chfrom chthe chinitial chtranscription chto chthe chrelease chfrom chthe chcell? ch
a. The chenzyme chis chtranscribed chfrom chDNA chby chRNA chin chthe chnucleus, chproceeds chto chthe
chribosome chfor chsynthesis, chand chis chtransported chin cha chsecretory chvesicle chto chthe chcell
chmembrane. ch
b. The chenzyme chis chtranscribed chfrom chRNA chby chDNA chin chthe chnucleus, chproceeds chto chthe
chlysosome chfor chsynthesis, chand chis chtransported chin chan chencapsulated chmembrane chto chthe
chcell chmembrane. ch
c. The chenzyme chis chtranscribed chby chthe chmitochondria chin chthe chnucleus, chproceeds chto chthe
chribosome chfor chsynthesis, chand chis chtransported chin cha chcytoskeleton chto chthe chcell
chmembrane. ch
d. The chenzyme chis chtranscribed chfrom chDNA chby chRNA chin chthe chnucleus, chproceeds chto chthe ch
Golgi chcomplex chfor chsynthesis, chand chis chtransported chin cha chcytosol chto chthe chcell
chmembrane. ch
ch
ch
ANS: chA ch
The chenzyme chis chtranscribed chfrom chDNA chby chRNA chin chthe chnucleus, chproceeds chto chthe
chribosome chfor chsynthesis, chand chis chtransported chin cha chsecretory chvesicle chto chthe chcell
chmembrane. chThe chother choptions chdo chnot chcorrectly chdescribe chthis chprocess. ch
ch
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6. During chwhich chphase chof chthe chcell chcycle chis chDNA chsynthesized? ch
a. G1 ch c. chG2 ch
b. S ch d. chM ch
ch
ch
ANS: chB ch
The chfour chdesignated chphases chof chthe chcell chcycle chare: ch(1) chthe chG1 chphase ch(G ch= chgap),
chwhich chis chthe chperiod chbetween chthe chM chphase ch(M ch= chmitosis) chand chthe chstart chof chDNA
chsynthesis; ch(2) chthe chS chphase ch(S ch= chsynthesis), chduring chwhich chDNA chis chsynthesized chin
chthe chcell chnucleus; ch(3) chthe chG2 chphase, chduring chwhich chRNA chand chprotein chsynthesis
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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ch8TH chEDITION chMCCANCE chTEST chBANK
choccurs, chthe chperiod chbetween chthe chcompletion chof chDNA chsynthesis chand chthe chnext chphase
ch(M); chand ch(4) chthe chM chphase, chwhich chincludes chnuclear chand chcytoplasmic chdivision. ch
ch
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7. What chorganic chcompound chfacilitates chtransportation chacross chcell chmembranes chby chacting chas
chreceptors, chtransport chchannels chfor chelectrolytes, chand chenzymes chto chdrive chactive chpumps? ch
a. Lipids ch c. chProteins ch
b. Proteases ch d. chCarbohydrates ch
ch
ch
ANS: chC ch
Proteins chact chas ch(1) chrecognition chand chbinding chunits ch(receptors) chfor chsubstances chmoving
chin chand chout chof chthe chcell; ch(2) chpores chor chtransport chchannels chfor chvarious chelectrically
chcharged chparticles chcalled chions chor chelectrolytes chand chspecific chcarriers chfor chamino chacids
chand chmonosaccharides; chand ch(3) chspecific chenzymes chthat chdrive chactive chpumps chthat
+
chpromote chthe chconcentration chof chcertain chions, chparticularly chpotassium ch(K ), chwithin chthe
+
chcell chwhile chkeeping chconcentrations chof chother chions, chfor chexample, chsodium ch(Na ), chbelow
chthe chconcentrations chfound chin chthe chextracellular chenvironment. chThe chother choptions chdo chnot
chcorrectly chdescribe chthis chprocess. ch
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8. Understanding chthe chvarious chsteps chof chproteolytic chcascades, chsuch chas chcaspase-mediated
chapoptosis chand chcomplement chcascades, chmay chbe chuseful chin chdesigning chdrug chtherapy chfor
chwhich chhuman chdiseases? ch
a. Cardiac chand chvascular chdisorders ch
b. Autoimmune chand chmalignant chdisorders ch
c. Gastrointestinal chand chrenal chdisorders ch
d. Endocrine chand chgastrointestinal chdisorders ch
ch
ch
ANS: chB ch
Understanding chthe chvarious chsteps chinvolved chin chthis chprocess chis chcrucial chfor chdesigning
chdrug chinterventions. chDysregulation chof chproteases chfeatures chprominently chin chmany chhuman
chdiseases, chincluding chcancer, chautoimmunity, chand chneurodegenerative chdisorders. chThe
chother choptions chdo chnot chcorrectly chdescribe chthis chprocess. ch
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9. Which chstructure chprevents chwater-soluble chmolecules chfrom chentering chcells chacross chthe
chplasma chmembrane? ch NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chchains ch c. chMembrane chchannel chproteins ch
b. Glycoprotein chchannels ch d. chLipid chbilayer ch
ch
ch
ANS: chD ch
The chbilayer’s chstructure chaccounts chfor chone chof chthe chessential chfunctions chof chthe chplasma
chmembrane. chIt chis chimpermeable chto chmost chwater-soluble chmolecules ch(molecules chthat
chdissolve chin chwater) chbecause chthe chwater-soluble chmolecules chare chinsoluble chin chthe choily
chcore chregion. chThe chbilayer chserves chas cha chbarrier chto chthe chdiffusion chof chwater chand
chhydrophilic chsubstances chwhile challowing chlipid-soluble chmolecules, chsuch chas choxygen ch(O2)
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