Milady Standard Esthetics: Chapter 2 - Anatomy & Physiology

Milady Standard Esthetics: Chapter 2 - Anatomy & Physiology How does massage help the muscle of the hand? - Maintains pliability How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis? - 2 How much blood does the human body contain? - 8 to 10 pints If you want to pucker up, you need to use the_________________ muscle. - Orbicularis oris The ____________ connects the spinal cord to the brain. - Brain stem The kidneys and bladder are part of the system. - Excretory system The nervous system is divided into ______ main subdivisions. - 3 The origin part of a muscle is ____________________ to the skeleton. - Attached The pituitary gland is the most complex organ of the _____________________ system. - Endocrine The principal parts of the cell include the protoplasm,_______________________. - Cell membrane, nucleus and mitochondria There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves arising from the base of the brain and the brain stem. - 12 These muscles are used for chewing. - Masseter and temporalis These nerves affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle. - Cervical nerves This movement is used to rotate the muscles. - Supination This movement is used to when muscles turn inward. - Pronation This movement is used when muscles straighten. - Extension This muscle closes the eyes. - Orbicularis oculi This muscle is used to grin. - Risorius This muscle pulls down the corners of the mouth. - Triangularis This nerve affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull. - Auriculotemporal nerve This nerve affects the membrane and skin of the nose. - Infratrochlear nerve This nerve affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull. - Posterior auricular nerve This nerve affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip. - Mandibular nerve This nerve affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip. - Mandibular nerve This nerve affects the muscles of the mouth. - Buccal nerve This nerve affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek. - Zygomatic nerve This nerve affects the point and lower side of the nose. - Nasal nerve This nerve affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid. - Supraorbital nerve This nerve affects the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp. - Ophthalmic nerve This nerve affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip and mouth. - Infraorbital nerve This nerve affects the skin of the lower lip and chin. - Mental nerve This nerve affects the upper part of the face. - Maxillary nerve This nerve reacts to a stimulus that involves movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord and a responsive impulse back along a motor neuron to a muscle, causing a reaction. - Reflex What are glands? - Specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood What are platelets? - Blood components that contribute to the blood clotting process What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body? - Hormones What are the structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions? - Organs What are the three muscles of the ear called? - Auricularis muscles What are valves? - Structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only What binds the tissues of the body together? - Connective tissue What body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body? - Endocrine system What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste? - Digestive system What body system serves as a protective covering for the body? - Integumentary system What bone forms the back of the skull above the nape? - Occipital What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions? - Nerve tissue What do the kidneys do? - Excrete water and waste products What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system? - Blood What is a primary function of the skeletal system? - Providing a physical foundation of the body What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system? - Skeletal tissue What is defecation? - Eliminating waste from the body What is one reason etheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues? - To understand the effect that services have on the body