Community Health Nursing Exam 1 Questions and Answers

Community Health Nursing Exam 1 Questions and Answers Public Health 3 components assessment (needs) assurance (resources) policy (intervention) PH is prevention and promotion of population health at the federal and state level A public service announcement is an example of nursing intervention Community health focuses on which type of issues sociocultural issues example: food bank at local church (serves health and social needs at the community level and is privately funded) Four important aspects of community people place interactions commonalities Population vs. Aggregate Population- group of people with common personal or environmental characteristics ALL elders in a community Aggregate- subgroup of people within a population PREGNANT teenagers within a school district Goals of Healthy People 2020 Focus on achieving health among community 20% smoking 50% premature death What are leading health indicators that help keep track of progress towards meeting Healthy People 2020 goals life expectancy, infant mortality, age-adjusted death rates, and cancer incidence rates Determinants of health biology behavior social environment physical environment (what is experienced by the senses) policies and interventions Health Promotion activities directed towards improving the well0being and reaching the best health potential. Health education, groups, community outreaches Health Protection intent First visiting nurse Francis Root The Henry Street Settlement was a model comprehensive health care center that provided many services, including home visits to mothers and children, support services for immigrants, the first school health and industrial health programs, and many other services Stage 1 NPD exposure host and environment influence vulnerability Stage 2 NPD exposure invasion of causative agent Stage 3 NPD pre-clinical stage pathological changes asymptomatic Stage 4 NPD Culmination Disease and condition established Who was involved in the Henry Street Settlement Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster Upstream thinking actions focus on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors which are precursors to poor health Political and economic interventions are the most effective way to address public determinants of health Nursing Theory improves community nursing by guiding data collection help interpret data easier to diagnose problems Upstream thinking is A conceptual model to assist the nurse in community health planning. Helps to focus the time, energy, and programmatic resources available to community health nursing clients. Focuses the nurse on long-term, "bigger picture" issues related to community health practice, such as social justice or power. Orem's self-care deficit theory is based on individual self-care needs and explains the level of nursing interventions required to assist clients to obtain optimal health The health belief model (HBM) evolved from the premise that the world of the perceiver determines action Milio's framework for prevention (1976) provides a complement to the HBM and a mechanism for directing attention upstream and examining opportunities for nursing intervention at the population level Critical social theory uses societal awareness to expose social inequalities that keep people from reaching their full potential Theory helps nursing by guide data collection and interpretation in a clear and organized manner improve community health nursing practice focus the student on factors that are critical to understanding the A proactive approach to care Development of population-focused programs Risk probability a specific event will occur in a given time frame Risk factor exposure that is associated with disease Risk reduction behaviors that mitigate or decrease actual potentional of the threats to health Absolute Risk person's chance they will develop a disease over a period of time Relative Risk the ration of the risk of the disease in the expose person to the risk of the disease in the non exposed Relative risk is over time, prospective Odds Ratio the odds of having the disease when suspected factor is present as oppose to not present looking at those with disease and without disease similar to risk restrospective- looking back Odds ration is very similar to risk raito if the disease is rare Hill's Criteria for Causality Temporality Strength of association Dose-response relationship Biological Plausibility consistency alternate explanation experimental coherence/analogy Epidemiology the research that shows the determinant and distribution of disease in populations Descriptive Epidemiology amount and distribution of disease person, place, time approach Analytic Epidemiology Looks at complex relationships Agent, host, environment Web of causation (looks at multiple factors) Crude Rates #deaths over population do not account for important factors Rate #specified events during particular time period/ population in same area in particular time period Adjusted rate takes into account specific subset and important variables