Exam (elaborations)

U.S. History EOC Review

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Course
GA Milestones

Institution
GA Milestones

Brown v. Board of Education - ANS Supreme Court ruling reversing the policy of segregation from Plessy v Ferguson, declaring that seperate can never be equal and a year later ordered the integration of all public schools with all deliberate speed March on Washington - ANS August,...

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us history eoc review

Institution GA Milestones
Course GA Milestones

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U.S. History EOC Review

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,Brown v. Board of Education - ANS Supreme Court ruling reversing the policy of
segregation from Plessy v Ferguson, declaring that seperate can never be equal and a year
later ordered the integration of all public schools with all deliberate speed

March on Washington - ANS August, 1963 - 200,000 demonstrators converged on the
Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King's speech and to celebrate Kennedy's support for the civil
rights movement. (putting pressure on the federal government to pass civil rights legislation)

Civil Rights Act of 1964 - ANS A federal law that authorized federal action against

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segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.

Selma March - ANS A march that was attempted three times to protest voting rights, with

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many peaceful demonstrators injured and killed. Led by MLK. Resulted in Voting Rights Act.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 - ANS A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to
African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were

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registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.
Encouraged greater social equality and decreased the wealth and education gap
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SCLC - ANS Organization formed by MLK in 1957 to organize nonviolent resistance to
achieve equality for African Americans

SNCC - ANS Organization founded in 1960 by college students to organize sit-ins and
other nonviolent protests and offer young people a voice in the movement; became more radical
in the late 1960s under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael
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Malcolm X - ANS 1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage;
converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street
orator and recruiter who argued for separation, not integration. He changed his views, but was
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assassinated in by members of the Nation of Islam in 1965.

Thurgood Marshall - ANS American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme
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Court of the United States; an advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.

James Meredith - ANS United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused
riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi.

Bobby Seale - ANS militant founder/leader of the Black Panthers

Stokely Carmichael - ANS Coined the phrase "black power" and led SNCC away from a
nonviolent approach.

,CORE - ANS Congress of Racial Equality; Helped organize integration of the military and
later the "freedom rides".

Black Panthers - ANS A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and
for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring
militant ideals rather than peaceful protest; "advocating self-rule for American blacks"

Nation of Islam - ANS A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious
beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans.

Freedom Summer - ANS In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation

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and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote.

Little Rock Nine - ANS 1st group of black students who were able to attend an all white

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school because President Eisenhower used the military to enforce the Brown v. Board of
Education decision.

de jure - ANS Segregation based on laws.

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de facto - ANS segregation by unwritten customs or traditions
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guerrilla warfare - ANS A hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small
bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes.

Cuban Missile Crisis - ANS A Military showdown between the United States and Soviet
Union resulting from the US discovery of Soviet missiles on Cuba. The military blockade of
Cuba ordered by President Kennedy eventually led to the removal of the missiles
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executive order - ANS A rule issued by a chief executive that has the force of law.

Tet Offensive - ANS A series of attacks launched by the North Vietnamese and Vietcong on
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the Vietnamese New Year. It was the turning point of the Vietnam War.

counterculture - ANS A social movement whose values go against those of established
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society.

search and destroy mission - ANS A strategy used in Vietnam in which American forces
sought Vietcong and North Vietnamese units to destroy them.

deferment - ANS An excuse, issued by the draft board, that lets a person be excused from
military service for various reasons.

napalm - ANS An explosive material dropped from airplanes during the Vietnam War.

, Ho Chi Minh - ANS Communist leader of North Vietnam.

Vietcong - ANS Communist rebels in South Vietnam; also known as the National Liberation
Front (NLF)

Vietnam War - ANS In the 1960s the US sent troops to the area and did not withdraw until
1975 - caused many deaths and protest in the US

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - ANS Issued by Congress, it gave the president broad authority
to use US forces without declaring war.

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credibility gap - ANS Lack of belief; a term used to describe the lack of trust in the Johnson
administration's statements about the Vietnam War.

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Vietnamization - ANS Nixon's policy that called for South Vietnam to take a more active
role in fighting the war and for Americans to become less involved.

Bay of Pigs - ANS Site of a failed invasion of Cuba by 1,500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles. It

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was an embarrassment for John F. Kennedy and the United States.

domino theory - ANS The idea that communism would spread from one country to its
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neighboring countries in the region; this belief helped to get the US involved in Vietnam

martial law - ANS The law applied by military forces in occupied territory or in an
emergency.

Berlin Wall - ANS This divided East and West Berlin and was a symbol of the Cold War
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Era.

Great Society - ANS President Lyndon B. Johnson's welfare programs to end poverty in the
United States and provide for economic assistance
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Medicare - ANS Government provided health insurance for Americans age 65 or older.
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Medicaid - ANS Government provided health insurance for low-income Americans.

Job Corps - ANS Residential job-training and education program for at-risk and/or
low-income youth.

Omnibus Housing Act - ANS Provided federal funds to construct low-income, urban
housing.

War Powers Act - ANS 1973 law that limits the president's power to send troops into
conflict; result of the Vietnam War

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