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Pediatric Nursing

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Pediatric Nursing- A Case-Based Approach

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Pediatric Nursing- A Case-Based Approach
2nd Edition by Tagher Knapp
Chapters 1 - 34 | All Chapters

,Pediatric Nursing- A Case-Based Approach

, Pediatric Nursing- A Case-Based Approach

Chapter 1: Bronchiolitis

1. Which intervention is appropriate for the infant hospitalized with bronchiolitis?
a. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed.

b. Administer antibiotics as ordered.
c. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic.
d. Give cool, humidified
oxygen. ANSWER: D
Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible fluid loss from
tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with the head and chest elevated at a 30- to 40-
degree angle and the neck slightly extended to maintain an open airway and decrease
pressure on the diaphragm. The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral. Antibiotics are given only if
there is a secondary bacterial infection. Tachypnea increases insensible fluid loss. If the
infant is tachypneic, fluids are given parenterally to prevent dehydration.

2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse knows that a child infected with this virus requires
what type of isolation?

a. Reverse isolation
b. Airborne isolation

c. Contact Precautions
d. Standard
Precautions ANSWER: C
RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and hand washing,
Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns when entering the
room. Care is taken not to touch their own eyes or mucous membranes with a contaminated
gloved hand. Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other children with
RSV infections. Reverse isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant. With
RSV, other children need to be protected from exposure to the virus. The virus is not
airborne.

3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of
respiration. This suggests what condition?

, Pediatric Nursing- A Case-Based Approach

a. Asthma
b. Pneumonia

c. Bronchiolitis
d. Foreign body in
trachea ANSWER: A
Asthma may have these chronic signs and symptoms. Pneumonia appears with an acute onset,
fever, and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition caused by respiratory syncytial

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