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BIO 345 Exam 4 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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BIO 345 Exam 4 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass

Research by Kann et al. used restriction mapping to create a phylogenetic

tree based on mtDNA. Their study was followed by Ingman et al., whose

results supported Kann's findings. If Ingman's results indicated greater

mitochondrial diversity in non-African mtDNA, how would this have

supported or disputed Kann et al.'s findings? - ✔✔this would have

disputed Kann et al.'s findings as their results indicated greater mtDNA

diversity within Africa than in the rest of the world combined

Sahelanthropus tchadensis was discovered in Chad in 2001 by Brunet et al.

It is an example of the difficulty researchers encounter when attempting to

classify a species as being definitively in the hominin lineage at this point

in geologic history. Why are fossils from this time period so difficult to

definitively place? - ✔✔TRUE:

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,- Fossils tend to be in poorer condition than others in hominin lineage

because of relatively great age.

- This is the time period right after the split of chimpanzees and hominins,

so it is difficult to place species based on morphological characters.

FALSE:

- Large areas of Africa are not accessible to researchers due to political and

social upheaval, limiting the number of fossils collected.

- We do not have technology that is advanced enough to provide accurate

reconstruction, so morphological characters are somewhat ambiguous.

Why is there still debate about hominin classification? - ✔✔all species in

the clade are extinct except for humans, and there are a limited number of

specimens, making it difficult to determine species boundaries from fossil

evidence

You are working as a cultural anthropologist and a paleontologist

colleague working in Europe has discovered a set of hominin fossils deep

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,in a cave that are relatively undisturbed. She has asked you to help verify

her species identification and has sent you detailed images of the fossils.

The skull of one fossil has a pronounced brow ridge with larger eyes and a

protruding jaw. In another chamber of the cave, a buried skeleton is lying

in a manner that indicates its final position was carefully arranged. The

hands are folded on the chest with the remains of a wooden flute. The

fossils of both skeletons have been dated to be approximately 35,000 years

old. How do you explain your colleague's findings? - ✔✔your friend has

likely discovered the remains of both H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens

which coexisted and interbred in areas of Europe

The evidence indicates the discovery of both species. The skull has the

distinguishing characteristics of a Neanderthal while the skeleton in

another chamber was ceremonially buried, as evidenced by the folded

hands. The musical instrument also indicates the second skeleton was that

of a modern human.

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, Hominins learned how to control and utilize fire in ways that may have

shaped the course of hominin evolution. Anthropologist Richard

Wrangham hypothesized a connection between fire use and morphological

changes that occurred in the hominin lineage leading to modern humans.

What was this hypothesis? - ✔✔the use of fire to cook food (as opposed to

eating raw food) provided large energetic stores that are easily consumed

and processed; this reduced nutritional challenge and resulted in distinct

morphological changes including a large increase in brain size

According to the out-of-Africa model, which statement accurately reflects

the approximate hominin lineage that ultimately led to modern humans,

Homo sapiens? - ✔✔homo ergaster arises in Africa and gives rise to homo

heidelbergensis. h. heidelbergensis gives rise to one branch that leads to

neanderthals and denisovans and one branch that leads to h. sapiens

Fossils of Proconsul indicate they were closely related to the common

ancestor of all living apes, but it is anatomically different from extant ape

species. What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes them from

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