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BIO 367 Exam 1 (Ch 1-7) || with 100% Error-free Answers.
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proximate and ultimate causation correct answers •Proximate factors: the environmental factor that triggers a direct response -Immediate cause of an event •Ultimate factors: adaptive (evolutionary) explanation -Long-term product of natural selection applications of artificial systems (mes...

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  • March 25, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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  • proximate and ultimate causation

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BIO 367 Exam 1 (Ch 1-7) || with 100% Error-free Answers.
proximate and ultimate causation correct answers •Proximate factors: the environmental factor
that triggers a direct response
-Immediate cause of an event
•Ultimate factors: adaptive (evolutionary) explanation
-Long-term product of natural selection

applications of artificial systems (mesocosms, modeling) in ecological correct answers use
mesocosms during experiments to keep a variable controlled when testing a hypothesis

mesocosm correct answers simplified scaled-down versions of an ecological system that are
easily manipulated to answer research questions

exclosure correct answers can control for certain environmental influences when experiments are
done within natural systems

dependent and independent variables correct answers —The dependent variable is generally the
y-variable, b/c it's value depends on the x-variable chosen.
—The x-variable is generally independent, b/c it can be chosen at random.

natural history correct answers the study of animals and plants

replication correct answers (multiple experimental units per treatment) is needed to account for
variation in responses within each treatment.

modes of selection (directional, stabilizing, disruptive) correct answers -Directional selection
results in a shift in phenotype toward one end of the range
-Stabilizing selection narrows the phenotype around an optimal value
-Disruptive selection conveys an advantage to individuals at extreme ends of the phenotypic
range

adaptation correct answers a characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and
reproduce in a particular environment.

acclimation correct answers an organism's change in response to a change in the organism's
environment

phenotypic plasticity correct answers can allow organisms to adjust responses in variable
environments

influence of solar radiation on temperature, air and ocean currents correct answers -Surface
winds move in opposite directions in adjacent cells
-Rising air at the equator moves faster toward the east than at other latitudes
-Surface winds (trades) in tropics move east to west as descending air travels south
-Temperate winds (westerlies) move west to east

, Circular currents (gyres) form in oceans due to Coriolis forces, heating, wind, and differences in
water density
-ocean currents affect regional climates by
redistributing heat and ocean production by mixing nutrients into surface waters around
continental shelves

factors influencing climate and climate variation on different scales correct answers The
distribution of ecosystems is strongly influenced by the atmospheric distribution of heat and
water
- climate is mainly determined by heating
- air temperature is influenced by atmospheric pressure
- movement of air masses driven by heating and cooling of air (jet streams)
-Tropical wet & dry seasons are caused by
seasonal shifts of the solar equator
-ENSO patterns demonstrate how ocean currents drive global climate variation
-Slope affects climate on small spatial scales

The ecology of lakes is strongly influenced by seasonal changes in temperature correct answers

Coriolis force correct answers The force that, owing to the rotation (spin) of the earth, deflects
objects to the right (clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left (counter-clockwise) in
Southern Hemisphere.

adiabatic rate correct answers Increase in elevation = temperature decrease with no loss of
energy.
Decrease in elevation = increase in temperature with no gain in energy.

albedo correct answers the percentage of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface

thermocline correct answers a steep temperature gradient in a body of water such as a lake,
marked by a layer above and below which the water is at different temperatures.

rain shadow effect correct answers a result from altitudinal influence on precipitation
-Adiabatic effects
-This creates semiarid and arid conditions on the leeward side of a high mountain range.

climate vs. weather correct answers weather is short term, climate is a region's average weather
over a long period of time

gyre correct answers a circular motion of water in each of the major ocean basins

Hadley Cell correct answers a system of vertical and horizontal air circulation predominating in
tropical and subtropical regions and creating major weather patterns.

Ferrel Cell correct answers 30 to 60 degrees. Air at 30 degrees stable so moves towards the poles
towards unstable air, or subpolar lows

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