BS 161 Exam 1 Learning Objectives questions with
verified answers
Choose a radioactive isotope for labeling specific molecules within cells Ans✓✓✓
an atom that is radioactive and is in some molecules but not others (Phosphorus
will only be in DNA and not protein) give cells radioactive phosphorous which
would only create radioactivity in
Compare and contrast the bonds/interactions that form primary structure versus
tertiary protein structure Ans✓✓✓ Primary Structure: sequence of amino acids in
a protein (peptide bonds)
Tertiary Structure: result from interactions of amino acid side chains (ionic,
hydrogen, and van der waal) (determines function since its the 3D shape)
contrast the process of translation initiation with translation termination
Ans✓✓✓ In Initiation the initiator AUG codon is recognized and Met is
established as the first amino acid in the new polypeptide chain. In termination
the addition of amino acids stops and the completed polypeptide chain is
released from the ribosome.
define aqueous Ans✓✓✓ watery
Define codon Ans✓✓✓ each non-overlapping group of three adjacent
nucleotides. Each codon mRNA codes for a single amino acid in the polypeptide
chain
Define gene and how genes relate to one function of DNA Ans✓✓✓ A gene is the
basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some
genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Transcription is the
first step in gene expression
, genes are the unit of heredity, the stretch of DNA that affects one or more traits
in an organism, usually through an encoded protein or noncoding RNA
define hydrophobic and hydrophilic and relate these terms to polar and non-polar
Ans✓✓✓ Hydrophilic: water-loving (polar) dissolve readily in water
Hydrophobic: water fearing (non polar), arrange themselves to minimize contact
with water
Water itsself is a polar molecule
Define the central dogma of biology and use a table to compare the following
Ans✓✓✓ Central dogma of biology: the usual flow of genetic information in a cell
is from DNA to RNA to protein
the enzyme or organelle that performs the process of transcription or translation:
Transcription: RNA polymerase
Translation:ribosomes
Describe how changes in temperature and pH influence the interactions of amino
acid side chains and thus, protein structure Ans✓✓✓ Correctly folded proteins
can sometimes unfold bc of elevated temperature
????
Describe how the appropriate amino acid is attached to a tRNA molecule
Ans✓✓✓ Enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthesizes connect specific amino
acids to specific tRNA molecules. The enzyme binds to multiple sites on any tRNA
that has an anticodon corresponding to the amino acid and it catalyzes formation
of the covalent bond between the amino acid and the tRNA.
verified answers
Choose a radioactive isotope for labeling specific molecules within cells Ans✓✓✓
an atom that is radioactive and is in some molecules but not others (Phosphorus
will only be in DNA and not protein) give cells radioactive phosphorous which
would only create radioactivity in
Compare and contrast the bonds/interactions that form primary structure versus
tertiary protein structure Ans✓✓✓ Primary Structure: sequence of amino acids in
a protein (peptide bonds)
Tertiary Structure: result from interactions of amino acid side chains (ionic,
hydrogen, and van der waal) (determines function since its the 3D shape)
contrast the process of translation initiation with translation termination
Ans✓✓✓ In Initiation the initiator AUG codon is recognized and Met is
established as the first amino acid in the new polypeptide chain. In termination
the addition of amino acids stops and the completed polypeptide chain is
released from the ribosome.
define aqueous Ans✓✓✓ watery
Define codon Ans✓✓✓ each non-overlapping group of three adjacent
nucleotides. Each codon mRNA codes for a single amino acid in the polypeptide
chain
Define gene and how genes relate to one function of DNA Ans✓✓✓ A gene is the
basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some
genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Transcription is the
first step in gene expression
, genes are the unit of heredity, the stretch of DNA that affects one or more traits
in an organism, usually through an encoded protein or noncoding RNA
define hydrophobic and hydrophilic and relate these terms to polar and non-polar
Ans✓✓✓ Hydrophilic: water-loving (polar) dissolve readily in water
Hydrophobic: water fearing (non polar), arrange themselves to minimize contact
with water
Water itsself is a polar molecule
Define the central dogma of biology and use a table to compare the following
Ans✓✓✓ Central dogma of biology: the usual flow of genetic information in a cell
is from DNA to RNA to protein
the enzyme or organelle that performs the process of transcription or translation:
Transcription: RNA polymerase
Translation:ribosomes
Describe how changes in temperature and pH influence the interactions of amino
acid side chains and thus, protein structure Ans✓✓✓ Correctly folded proteins
can sometimes unfold bc of elevated temperature
????
Describe how the appropriate amino acid is attached to a tRNA molecule
Ans✓✓✓ Enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthesizes connect specific amino
acids to specific tRNA molecules. The enzyme binds to multiple sites on any tRNA
that has an anticodon corresponding to the amino acid and it catalyzes formation
of the covalent bond between the amino acid and the tRNA.
