Lecture notes
Taxonomy and Systematics
- Institution
- University Of Lincoln (UoL)
Covers taxonomy and systematics, why we use them, degrees of relatedness, symmetry, embryonic development, and cellular organisation.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of AnimalsLecture 1: Welcome and Taxonomy and Systematics 13/10/20
Background
- Each organism has been recognised by scientists and is given a unique scientific name-
binomial nomenclature.
- System destroys ambiguity associated with common names.
- Taxonomy brings together species which resemble each other and to which extent different
species share characteristics and will dictate what point they are linked.
Definitions
- Taxonomy- naming of species typically associated with the original description of species.
- Nomenclature- assignment of a distinctive name to a species.
- Taxon/clade- any grouping of species that share a particular set of characteristics.
- Systematics- study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationship
between them .
- Sub-species- diversity of a species based on geographical variation.
Classification
- Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
- Domain- rRNA has been used to suggest 3 evolutionary lineages called domains.
- Kingdom- cellular organisation has been used to suggest 5 kingdoms.
- Class- morphology and genetic organisation has been used to define lower levels of
classification.
Taxonomy
- Taxonomy relies on morphological characteristics to assign animals to a particular species.
- Recent developments in molecular biology have allowed advances in systematics.
- Comparison of shared DNA and RNA sequences allows a family tree to be created to identify
a common ancestor.
Descriptions
- Monophyletic- has a single ancestral species and all its descendants.
- Polyphyletic- has species that can be traced back to several ancestral species.
- Paraphyletic- has some but not all species in a lineage. (Last two are displays of insufficient
data).
Degrees of relatedness
- Homology: Organ of one species has the same developmental origin in another species but
has a different function in the adult. Implies a relationship between organisms with the same
feature and is the basis for comparative anatomy.
- Analogy: organ of one species has the same function as another unrelated species. Implied
adaptation to similar environment.
Types of symmetry
- Asymmetry – absence of a central point or axis around which the body parts are arranged
- Radial symmetry – one point of reference at the end of the animal that has the mouth and
the other is the opposite point of the animal - Sea anemone
- Bilateral symmetry – arrangement of body parts divides an animal into right and left mirror
images
- Movement of animal in one direction leads to sensory organs at one end – “cephalisation”
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller chloegalvin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £6.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now