BTE2601_ EXAM PACK MEMO.

BTE2601_ EXAM PACK MEMO. Becoming A Teacher. The theory that describes how learners understand the information they encounter in the classroom and emphasise that learners are unique is ___________ . A) Behaviourist theory B) Cognitive theory C) Social theory D) Both A and C 2. The following are the phases of information processing,except for one.Which one is not ? A) Postive interdependence B) Input phase C) Processing phase D) Output phase 3. Which of the following describe how learners think,learn and take responsibility for their own learning ? A) Meta-cognition B) Intelligence C) Communication D) None of the above 4. Curriculum change is inevitable.This mean curriculum change _____________ . A) Is sure to happen B) Happens by chance C) Does not happen D) Depends on the mood 5. The determination of what led to the success or failure of the lesson presented by the teacher showed that the teacher _________________ . A) Recognises existing knowledge or learning to the point B) Summarises the lesson experience C) Engages in reflective teaching D) Uses it to serve as a means to focus on an activity 6. It is one of the processes that could enhance reflective teaching. A) Observing your colleagues B) Maintaining conflict among students C) Self-report D) Both A and C 7. In the CAPS document for learners are grouped according to _____________ . A) Levels B) Stages C) Phases D) Age Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 8. The teacher is expected to align his or her planning to the ____________ to ensure that the needs of all learners are catered for. A) Curriculum B) Syllabus C) Context D) Content 9. Knowing learners well and understanding their different learning needs refers to ________ . A) Interpersonal skills B) Pedagogy of care C) Management skills D) Information gathering skills 10. A good teacher should be familiar with the school,classroom and learners that he or she teaches. This suggest that the teacher needs to ____________ . A) Proceed from the simple to the complex B) Do situation analysis C) Proceed from analysis to synthesis D) All of the above Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal QUEST S - The study-notes marketplace ION 2 1. Outline the three elements of Behaviourism.  Stimulus  Respect  Reinforcement [Answer : Page 50-51 of the Prescribed Book] 2. Describe the constructivist perspective of learning and provide four ways to apply the constructivist approach in the classroom  The constructivist perspective is grounded in the research of Piaget,Vygotsky and Feuerstein,as well as Dewey and Bruner.There is not a single constructivist theory of learning,rather an emphasis on the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information.The focus is on making meaning and constructing knowledge,not merely on memorising information.Many also consider the social context a major factor in determining what one comes to know about oneself and the world.  Here are some ways to apply the constructive approach in the organisation of the classroom :  Select instructional materials that learners can manipulate or use to interact with their environment.  Choose activities that encourages learner observing,data gathering,hypothesis testing and field trips.  Use processes and methods such as cooperative learning,debating and discussing.  Integrate curricula or subjects for example,developing long-term thematic projects in a primary classroom and integrate maths,science,reading and writing (adapted from Bruning,Schraw and Ronning, 1995).An example would be the context and context of sustainable tourism in South Africa to teach tourism,geography,history and economics. [Answer : Page 60-61 from the Prescribed Book] 3. Describe in your own words the value of learning theories for your classroom teaching. Indicate how the learning theories can be linked to the practice of teaching and learning.  Value of learning theories for your classroom :  Learning theories have shown to have a tremendous influence on the South African curriculum and classroom teaching.Learning theories and finding which approach works best for classroom teaching will make work in the classroom more meaningful,it brings the classroom together if some of the ideas come from your own experience and you can explore it together with others.  Linked to practice of teaching and learning :  There are number or ideas that are linked to the practice of teaching and learning,such as the focus on the teacher as a learning mediator,responsible for constructing appropriate learning environments.Teachers will be scaffolding learning in their role as interpreter and designer of learning programmes and materials.The role of assessor reminds us of dynamic assessment,in that assessment is seen as an integral part of teaching and learning and teachers are also expected to be sensitive to the particular context and level of the learner. This is all linked to the role of the teacher and the curriculum policy. Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal  Th S - The study-notes marketplace ere are types of learning theories which are :  Behaviourism theory - deals with the classroom management and modifying behaviour of the classroom.  Cognitive theory - motivate learners into good and giving the best information to the learners.  Constructive theory - make sure the learners are always focusing on what you are saying or doing as a teacher. [Answer : Page 63,64 & 65 from the Prescribed Book] 4. Differentiate between convert curriculum and hidden curriculum  Convert Curriculum :  This is teaching that is implicit (not spelt out) but deliberate on the part of the educator or school.It is especially important in early schooling where consideration for others,order and obedience,teamwork and co-operation are focal points.  Hidden Curriculum :  This is learning that is hidden from the educators as well as from the learners.It is another form of implicit learning,which the educators did not intend and are probably not even aware of.We consciously learn many things about the world,or learn to see the world in particular ways,simply by spending a lot of time in the sort of environments that schools and classrooms present to us.  Convert curriculum is a curriculum that considers all other curriculum’s whereas hidden curriculum is the curriculum that is hidden but needs to be followed. [Answer : Page 77 from the Prescribed Book] 5. With Du Plessis and Booyse’s. (2008-87) lesson plan design cycle in mind,describe teaching as mediation  Enhances student achievement - Mediation strengthens teacher-student bonds, and students perform best when they feel their teacher cares about them. In busy classrooms, however, teachers don’t always have the time or space to develop personal relationships with each student particularly in a secondary school.  Boosts mutual understanding - One bad day, one mistake, or one misunderstanding can derail a teacher-student relationship and create obstacles to student learning. A trained mediator structures mediation so that in one 50-minute meeting, a teacher and student fully listen to one another,obtain greater insights, restore goodwill, and create a positive plan to move forward.  Breaks negative cycles - National data show that African American males and students with disabilities have the highest rates of disciplinary consequences that remove them from the classroom. When students reenter the class, they may exhibit frustration, withdrawal, or more disruptive behavior, which may result in more removal. Mediation offers a positive way to break this cycle.  Promotes social-emotional learning - There is a national call to help teachers and students broaden their understanding of one another and for schools to model restorative practices that teach social,communication, and problem-solving skills.  Provides an individualized intervention - Because there is no “one-size-fits-all” solution to improve relationships, mediation allows the teacher and student to explore the unique features of how the classroom, the subject matter, and even the time of day may affect their relationship. It also provides a safe way to identify deeper root causes for problematic behavior. Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal  S - The study-notes marketplace Is efficient and free of charge - Mediation can be embedded as a Tier II intervention within a multi-tiered system of supports or as a standalone intervention.Existing school staff members may be trained as impartial mediators.  Fosters understanding, trust, and empathy - Mediation helps the teacher and student reestablish trust and rapport. The goal of teacher-student mediation is to restore the respect so that teachers can teach and students can learn!  Benefits all members of a school community - Parents/guardians, teachers, students, and school administrators are grateful for positive, skill-building solutions. Mediation can also be an effective intervention to stop student-student conflict/bullying, and to resolve adult conflicts. [Answer : 2014 EDT1601 Exam] Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal QUEST S - The study-notes marketplace ION 3 1. Name and discuss the three tools that guide teachers to reflect on their practice  D.A.T.A Process - The DATA process is a four-step reflection process,made up of :  Step 1 : Describe what happened  Step 2 : Analyse why it happened  Step 3 : Theorise to improve your practice  Step 4 : Act to test your theory in practice  Guided Reflection Protocol - The guided reflection protocol can be used in a similar way to the DATA process.This tool has 5 steps :  Step 1 : What happened ?  Step 2 : Why did it happen ?  Step 3 : Reflection  Step 4 : What might it mean ?  Step 5 : What are the implications for my teaching practice ?  Reflective Journal - A reflective journal will help you gain a better understanding of yourself as a teacher.As you review what you have written over a period of time,you will find that your writing forms a record of your assumptions,preoccupations,success and common problems.It’s best to jot down responses to questions such as the following :  In what moment(s) this week did I feel most disconnected,disengaged or bored as a teacher ? What didn’t work well ? Why did it not work well ? What could or should I change ?  In what moment(s) this week did I feel most connected,positive,affirmed as a teacher ? What worked well ? Why do I think it worked well ?  What situation caused me the greatest anxiety,distress or regret ? Why ? What have I learned from this ?  What event took me by surprise - caught me off guard,knocked my stride or made me unexpectedly happy ?  Of everything I did in my teaching,what would I do differently next time ? Why ?  What do I feel proudest of in my teaching this week ? Why ? [Answer : Page 12,13,14,15,16 & 17 from the Prescribed Book] 2. Outline the three broad questions a teacher can use to formulate his/her teaching philosophy  What are my ultimate aspirations,goals and aims as a teacher ? What do I ultimately want to achieve through teaching ?  How will I teaching my goals or aims ? Here you address your conception of teaching and learning and describe how you choose to teach.  Why do I teach this way ? Here you provide a justification,or rationale for your approach. [Answer : Page 10 from the Prescribed Book] 3. Distinguish between formative assessment and summative assessment and provide an example for each  Formative Assessment - Formative assessment is most often conceptualised as feedback given to learners during the daily classroom engagement or teaching event which serves to improve and deepen student learning by given them feedback on their progress.It also helps teachers to make decisions about the next learning milestone students could achieve. Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal  Summ S - The study-notes marketplace ative Assessment - Summative assessment is most commonly associated with evaluation and is used to certify the achievement of a certain level of education and to make judgemental educational decisions.At a very basic level,we could regard formative assessment as assessment for learning (AFL) and summative assessment as assessment of learning (AOL).  While formative assessment serves the intrinsic needs of the educational process,summative assessment serves the extrinsic needs of the educational process. [Answer : Page 116 & 117 from the Prescribed Book] 4. How can you ensure learning diversity through assessment ?  South African education has advocated an inclusive approach to teaching,learning and assessment and has required teachers to assess less for achievement and more for constructive support for learning.Inclusiveness is particularly important when we encounter learners with diverse abilities and needs.  The concept of learning support implies that all learners are unique and have their own unique potential that is realised at their own pace and level of learning independence,using their own strategies and learning styles to reach their own unique levels of achievement.Learning support relies on the collaboration of all members of the different systems that influence the learning of each learner.  These systems are the ecosystems of the learners’ world and are interdependent and interactive. Therefore,whatever happens in one system will have a ‘ripple-effect’ on all the other systems. Teachers should realise that this inter-connectedness of systems will invariably affect the assessment activities they intend to plan. [Answer : Page 140 from the Prescribed Book] 5. Outline three purposes of assessment  Assessment is the “Collecting,Analysing and Interpreting” of information to assist teachers, parents and other stakeholders in making decisions about the progress of learners. [Answer : Page 112 from the Prescribed Book] Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal QUEST S - The study-notes marketplace ION 4 1. Outline the different roles that teachers collectively should display to meet the minimum requirements for teacher education qualifications  Learning mediator  Assessor  Community  Interpreter  Designer of learning programme and materials  Scholar  Researcher [Answer : Facebook Group] 2. Describe the three values in a learner-centered curriculum that a teacher can use to create a pedagogy of care in the classroom  The value of participation - Participation enables teachers to establish and maintain conditions in which learners can enter into a caring educational relationship with them and with the other learners in the class.If teachers start with participatory strategies to communicate and engage instead of with teacher-talk-they set the tone from the beginning for creating a caring community of learners in the classroom.  The value of effectiveness - This means recognising the link between learners’ emotions and thinking,or cognition.Dewey stressed that learning is a social interaction,involving both thought and feeling.This suggest that teachers show students that they care for them by becoming familiar with ‘their languages,their themes,their conditions and their diverse cultures’.In South Africa this does not mean that a teacher should know all 11 official languages,but that she or he will at least know who speaks which as their primary language.  The value of problem posting - A participative,problem-solving classroom is one in which all learners feel safe to express their feelings and ideas.According to Shor,it is in this safe space of sharing that learners can begin a critical study of themselves and their society.Under these conditions,a pedagogy of caring is set in motion,in which learners are encourages to be curious, open,hopeful and responsible and to enjoy learning in a co-operative and critical classroom environment. [Answer : Page 35 & 37 from the Prescribed Book] 3. Suggest four benefits of applying a caring pedagogy  It can help you to step outside your usual and practised ways of knowing and teaching and respond differently to your learners.  It can guide you to find to your own voice and different way of engaging your learners with the learning material.We see this a transformative approach to teaching and learning that can challenge the routine of automatic acceptance of the traditional roles of teachers and learners.  It can break the routine of the traditionally accepted curriculum and offer you and your learners greater autonomy by defining how learning is related to issues that affect lives,including the lives marginalised groups in society  As the conerstone of an education practice it forces you to consider the issue of social justice in teaching the curriculum. [Answer : Page 39 from the Prescribed Book] Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 4. Discuss the three principles of the curriculum policy  Active and critical learning - This principle encourages an active and critical approach to learning ,rather than rote and uncritical learning of given truths.  High knowledge and high skills - The minimum standards of knowledge and skills to be achieved at each grade are specified and set high,achievable standards in all subjects.  Progression - The content and context of each grade shows progression from simple to complex. [Answer : Page 65 from the Prescribed Book] Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal QUEST S - The study-notes marketplace ION 5 1. Name the Multiple Intelligences as identified by Howard Gardner (1943)  Logical-Mathematical  Verbal-Linguistic  Musical  Naturalistic  Spatial  Bodily Kinaesthetic  Intrapersonal  Interpersonal  Existential [Answer : Page 57 from the Prescribed Book] 2. White Paper 6 showed a commitment to providing equal education opportunities for learners who had been excluded because the education and training system did not to accommodate their special needs.The teacher can use the following to ensure an inclusive learning environment, namely a transformative approach,caring pedogogy,awareness of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a broader approach to support. With the above statement in mind,do the following : 2.1 Explain the transformative approach  The transformation approach seeks to change the attitudes about cultural differences by using a different curriculum, one that encourages students to view problems and concepts from the perspective of different cultures.  A transformative teacher is one who brings about different teaching practices,fosters critical citizens and implements equity,redress,non-discrimination,access,justice and democracy in the school and classroom.You are a transformative teacher when you develop an inclusive learning environment. [Answer : Page 160 from the Prescribed Book] 2.2 Why do we have a broader approach to support ? Provide three reasons  Support to all activities in a school  Schools are better able to respond to diversity  Schools will aid to make learning contexts and lessons accessible to all learners. [Answer : Page 162 from the Prescribed Book] 2.3 Mention the most intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to learning within the South African context  Some learners for special educational support on a cognitive,emotional,sensory or physical level.These specials needs are usually caused by intrinsic factors within the learner.  Many learning needs are caused by external factors,such as social and educational disadvantage.  Often,both types of factor work together.e.g,a young learner may be blind (intrinsic) but also come for a very poor social environment (extrinsic). Downloaded by: zadimpeters | Distribution of this document is illegal  V S - The study-notes marketplace iolence,discrimination,an inflexible curriculum,poor teacher education and training,unsafe schools,inadequate support services,lack of parental involvement and insufficient support for learners with disabilities and learning difficulties are some of the barriers to learning that need to be addressed in an inclusive learning environment. [Answer : Page 161 from the Prescribed Book] 3. How can the teacher develop a classroom system that supports learners so that all learners can learn ? Provide examples to illustrate your answer  The teacher should implement inclusive education which means that all students have access to good quality education.This implies an environment in which children are able to learn.The basic attitude of the teacher in the classroom should be one of non-discrimination,acceptance and involvement of all,specifically to accommodate those learners who experience barriers to learning.This type of classroom focuses on overcoming barriers in the system that prevent it from meeting the full range of learning needs.  Examples of things teachers should look out for to develop a classroom that support all learners :  A transformative approach  A caring pedagogy  Awareness of intrinsic and extrinsic factors  A broader approach to support  Situation analysis  Visual barriers  Physical barriers  Disruptive behaviour  Socio-economic barriers  Learning difficulties  Parental involvement [Answer : Page 160 to 170 from the Prescribed Book] 4. Differentiate between disruptive behaviour and learning difficulties  Disruptive Behavior - Disruptive behaviour is when a child is uncooperative and prevents themselves and other children in class from working. A disruptive child also manages to grab a teacher's attention and prevent the teacher from giving the other children attention.  Lesson plan to avoid or lessen disruptive behaviour in the classroom :  Plan for the first-day activities in advance  Develop a list of classroom behaviours  Plan whole-group activities for the class  Give clear direction and constructive feedback  Show learners that they are important  Learning Difficulties - Learning difficulties in acquiring knowledge and skills to the normal level expected of those of the same age,especially because of mental disability or cognitive disorder.A learning impairment will require intensive learning support and should be identified as soon as possible in order to help learners manage these difficulties.These learners often don’t understand why they having difficulty with their academic work.A systematic intervention is then required in which the classroom teacher,school counsellor and other professionals work together to address the issue.A learning support specialist will usually work with the teacher to provide the learner additional support with reading and writing