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Samenvatting immunologie (2de bachelor BWM)
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  • Immunologie
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  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)

(Behaald resultaat met deze samenvatting: 18/20) Zeer uitgebreide samenvatting met lessen, boek, powerpoints... Ook vermeldingen tussenin wat prof belangrijk vindt. Dit bevat alles om te slagen op het examen.

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  • November 1, 2021
  • 105
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • ene1
  • didier ebo
  • immunologie
  • samenvatting

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  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
  • Biomedische Wetenschappen
  • Immunologie
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Inhoudsopgave
Functies immuunsysteem ................................................................................................................................. 7

Diversiteit pathogenen ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Extacellulair vs intracellulaire pathogenen ......................................................................................................... 8

Humorale VS cellulaire immuniteit ................................................................................................................... 8

Verdedigingslinies (barrières)........................................................................................................................... 9
Niet immunologische barrières ........................................................................................................................... 9
Immunologische verdediging ............................................................................................................................ 10
Patroonherkenningsreceptoren (PHR) – PAMPS en DAMPS ............................................................................. 11

Het aangeboren immuunsysteem .................................................................................................................. 12
Cellen van het aangeboren immuunsysteem .................................................................................................... 13
Fagocyten ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
PRR: belangrijkste functies ............................................................................................................................... 14
Fagocytose: 3 gevolgen .................................................................................................................................... 15
Ontsteking: algemene symptomen ................................................................................................................... 15
Aangeboren IS: NK-cellen.................................................................................................................................. 16
Aangeboren IS: ILC’s ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Aangeboren IS: dendritische cellen ................................................................................................................... 17
T-cel polarisatie (Th1/Th2) ................................................................................................................................ 19
Aangeboren IS: mast cellen .............................................................................................................................. 19
Aangeboren IS: eosinofielen ............................................................................................................................. 19
Aangeboren IS: humoraal ................................................................................................................................. 20

Complement .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Complement activatie en gevolgen .................................................................................................................. 22

Samenvatting aangeboren immuunsysteem .................................................................................................. 22

Het adaptieve immuunsysteem ..................................................................................................................... 23
Lymfoïde organen ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Secundaire lymfoïde organen: functie .............................................................................................................. 25
Lymfeknoop .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Milt ............................................................................................................................................................... 26
MALT ............................................................................................................................................................ 26
Secundaire lymfoïde organen functies/samenvatting ................................................................................. 26
Hoe geraakt antigeen in secundaire lymfoïde organen? ............................................................................. 26
Immunologische synapsen: “waar, wie, waarom?”.......................................................................................... 27
Het verworven IS: diversiteit en geheugen ....................................................................................................... 28
Het verworven IS: humoraal – antilichamen..................................................................................................... 28


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, Antilichamen – opbouw ............................................................................................................................... 29
Verworven IS: cellulair – T-cellen ...................................................................................................................... 29
Diversiteit (Ig en TCR)........................................................................................................................................ 30
Geheugen verworven immuunsysteem ............................................................................................................ 31
Primair vs secundair .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Vaccinatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 33

Organen van het immuunsysteem ................................................................................................................. 34
Primaire lymfoïde organen ............................................................................................................................... 34
Secundaire lymfoïde organen ........................................................................................................................... 34

Oorsprong en rijping (opleiding) IC ................................................................................................................. 35
Waarom secundaire lymfoïde organen en recirculatie lymfocyten? ................................................................ 35

Cellen aangeboren immuunsysteem .............................................................................................................. 36

Cellen verworven immuunsysteem ................................................................................................................ 36

Stamcellen ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
Monocyten/macrofagen ................................................................................................................................... 37
Functie macrofagen/monocyten .................................................................................................................. 37
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR = PHR) ................................................................................................ 38
PAMP’s ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Opsonisatie ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Macrofaag: cellyse ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Antigeen presenterend vermogen macrrofagen/monocyten ...................................................................... 42
Inductie en ontsteking .................................................................................................................................. 42
Herstel door macrofagen/monocyten.......................................................................................................... 43
Polymorfonucleaire granulocyten (PMN) ......................................................................................................... 43
Neutrofiele granulocyt ................................................................................................................................. 44
Eosinofiele granulocyt .................................................................................................................................. 46
Mestcellen & basofielen ............................................................................................................................... 47
Basofiele granulocyt ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Megakaryocyten en bloedplaatjes.................................................................................................................... 48
Natural killer cel ................................................................................................................................................ 48
Aangeboren immuunsysteem: ILCs ................................................................................................................... 50
Dendritische cellen ............................................................................................................................................ 50
Epitheel cellen ................................................................................................................................................... 51
Interdigiterende cellen ...................................................................................................................................... 52
Dendritische cel VS folliculaire dendritische cel ................................................................................................ 52

Aangeboren en verworven immuun antwoord: de ‘interface’ ........................................................................ 53
Antigeen presentatie (1e synaps) ...................................................................................................................... 53

Stamcellen (vervolg schema) .......................................................................................................................... 55
T-cellen.............................................................................................................................................................. 55
Thymus processing: T-cel ............................................................................................................................. 55
Thymus processing: essentieel ..................................................................................................................... 57


2

, Ruimtelijke ordening .................................................................................................................................... 57
T cel subsets ................................................................................................................................................. 57
T-cellen: functionele subsets ........................................................................................................................ 58
Soorten CD4 cellen ....................................................................................................................................... 58
T-regulator cellen ......................................................................................................................................... 58
CD8+ cytotoxische cellen .............................................................................................................................. 59
Geheugen cellen ........................................................................................................................................... 59
B-cellen ............................................................................................................................................................. 59
B-lymfocyt: maturatie .................................................................................................................................. 60
B-lymfocyt: maturatie 2................................................................................................................................ 62
Secundaire lymfoïde organen: de aan/afvoer .............................................................................................. 63
B-cel stimulatie ............................................................................................................................................. 65
Folliculair dendritische cel ............................................................................................................................ 65
Activatie naïeve rijpe B-lymfocyt.................................................................................................................. 66
B-cel functies ................................................................................................................................................ 66
Duur en omvang van immuun antwoord ..................................................................................................... 66

Celtypering ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
T-cellen: naïef, geactiveerd, effector ................................................................................................................ 67

Algemeen: lokale reactie ................................................................................................................................ 68
Fase 1-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Fase 4 ................................................................................................................................................................ 69
Algemene symptomen ...................................................................................................................................... 69
CRP & SAA ......................................................................................................................................................... 70
Welke producten > locale/algemene symptomen? .......................................................................................... 70
Histamine en serotonine .............................................................................................................................. 70
Arachidonzuur metabolieten ....................................................................................................................... 71
Plasma-enzymsystemen ............................................................................................................................... 71

Antigeen herkenning door aangeboren IS (MF, monocyten, neutrofielen, ILCs, DC) ....................................... 72
Patroonherkenning ........................................................................................................................................... 72

Antigeen herkenning door T cel ..................................................................................................................... 72
Herkenning Ag door T cel: algemeen ................................................................................................................ 72
Algemeen principe: APC- CD4+ Th ................................................................................................................ 73
Algemeen principe: doelwitcel – CD8+CTL ................................................................................................... 73
Er wordt meer dan 1 peptide aangeboden per APC (polyklonale CD4 en CD8 activatie) ............................ 73

De MHC-molecule .......................................................................................................................................... 73
MHC, wat? ........................................................................................................................................................ 73
Ontdekking MHC ............................................................................................................................................... 74
Voorkomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 74
MHCI ................................................................................................................................................................. 74
MHCII ................................................................................................................................................................ 74
Nomenclatuur MHC .......................................................................................................................................... 75
MHC: genetica .................................................................................................................................................. 75
MHC : polygenie/polymorfisme ........................................................................................................................ 75



3

, De antigeenpresentatie .................................................................................................................................. 76
Exogene Ag: MHCII (APC) .................................................................................................................................. 76
Opladen MHCII ............................................................................................................................................. 76
Cleavage van li* ............................................................................................................................................ 77
Verdringen CLIP ............................................................................................................................................ 77
Endogene Ag (MHCI (somatischecellen)) .......................................................................................................... 77
MHCI presentatie ......................................................................................................................................... 77
Exogeen Ag: MHCI via kruispresentatie (APC) .................................................................................................. 77
Kruispresentatie ........................................................................................................................................... 78
MHC functie ...................................................................................................................................................... 78
Individualiteit van de immuunrespons: via MHC polygenie & polymorfisme ................................................... 78
MHC polymorfisme > verschillende peptide fragmenten (van eenzelfde vreemd eiwit) ............................ 78

De TcR/CD3 (CD4/CD8)................................................................................................................................... 79
Vergelijking tussen membraanimmunoglobuline en TcR .................................................................................. 79
BcR vs TcR ......................................................................................................................................................... 79
TcR .................................................................................................................................................................... 79
T-cel stimulatie: meer dan Ag presentatie ........................................................................................................ 80
APC – Tcel contact ............................................................................................................................................ 80

Antigeen herkenning door B-cel ..................................................................................................................... 80
B-cel stimulatie: meer dan Ag herkenning ........................................................................................................ 80
Activatie naïeve rijpe B-lymfocyt.................................................................................................................. 80
Marginale zone B-lymfocyt........................................................................................................................... 80

Transplantatie en afstoting ............................................................................................................................ 81
Transplantatie ................................................................................................................................................... 81
Rejectie ............................................................................................................................................................. 81

Het complement ............................................................................................................................................ 82
Definitie............................................................................................................................................................. 82
Nomenclatuur ................................................................................................................................................... 82
Synthese en metabolisme ................................................................................................................................. 82

Complementactivatie ..................................................................................................................................... 82
Klassieke weg .................................................................................................................................................... 83
MBL pathway .................................................................................................................................................... 84
Alternatieve weg ............................................................................................................................................... 84
Fysiologische functie ......................................................................................................................................... 85
Lyse door MAC (perforine): Cb5 ................................................................................................................... 85
Opsonisatie ................................................................................................................................................... 85
Activatie endotheel & chemotaxis/activatie ................................................................................................ 85

Complementfactoren (anafylatoxines) ........................................................................................................... 86
Biologische effecten .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Complementreceptoren .................................................................................................................................... 86



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