BIOS 135 Lab Report Format for ModelChem Labs

BIOS 135 Lab Report Format for ModelChem Labs I. Title Fly Lab Week 6 iLab II. Introduction FlyLab will allow you to play the role of a research geneticist. You will use FlyLab to study important introductory principles of genetics by developing hypotheses and designing and conducting matings between fruit flies with different mutations that you have selected. Once you have examined the results of a simulated cross, you can perform a statistical test of your data by chi-square analysis and apply these statistics to accept or reject your hypothesis for the predicted phenotypic ratio of offspring for each cross. With FlyLab, it is possible to study multiple generations of offspring, and perform testcrosses and backcrosses. FlyLab is a very versatile program; it can be used to learn elementary genetic principles such as dominance, recessiveness, and Mendelian ratios, or more complex concepts such as sex-linkage, epistasis, recombination, and genetic mapping. The purpose of this laboratory is to: • Simulate basic principles of genetic inheritance based on Mendelian genetics by designing and performing crosses between fruit flies. • Help you understand the relationship between an organism's genotype and its phenotype. • Demonstrate the importance of statistical analysis to accept or reject a hypothesis. • Use genetic crosses and recombination data to identify the location of genes on a chromosome by genetic mapping. ( I will be working with monohybrid and di-hybrid crossbreeding with fruit flies. The main intention is to see how Mendel’s first and second laws of breeding with different recessive trais and hypothesizing different phenotype results. I had a homozygous female fruit fly that had certain physical traits, while I changed the eye types, colors, body colors, and wing shapes with other male types. III. Procedure 1) Open iLab and read through the introduction 2) Cross a WT Female With a WT Male Fly - To design a wild-type (WT) female fly, click the design button below the gray image of the female fly. Click the button for the eye color trait on the left side of the design view. The small button next to the words wild type should already be selected (bolded). To choose this phenotype, click the select button below the image of the fly at the bottom of the design screen. Remember that this fly represents a true-breeding parent that is homozygous for wild-type alleles. The selected female fly now appears on the screen with a + symbol indicating the wild-type phenotype. Do the same for the male fly. 3) Mate the Two WT Flies - To select the number of offspring to create by this mating, click the pop-up menu on the left side of the screen and select 10,000 flies. • To mate the two flies, click the mate button between the two flies. Note the fly images that appear in the box at the bottom of the screen. • Scroll up to see the parent flies and down to see the wild-type offspring. These offspring are the F1 generation. • Click analyze results to see a table of your data. The data will be separated by male and female and by phenotype. In this cross, all the flies should have a WT phenotype indicated by a + sign. 4) Save Your Results - To save the results of this cross to your lab notes, click the results summary button on the lower left side of the screen. A panel will appear with a summary of the results for this cross. • Note the number of offspring, proportion of each phenotype, and observed ratios for each observed phenotype. • Click the add to lab notes button at the bottom of the panel. • Click OK to close this panel. To comment on these results in your lab notes, click the lab notes button, move the cursor to the space above the dashed line, and type a comment such as, "These are the results of the F1 generation for my first monohybrid cross." • Click the close button to close this panel and return to the mate screen. 5) Cross a WT Female With a Mutant Male - Take the cross to the F2 generation. Design the female fly as described in Step 2 above. 6) Repeat Steps 1–6 for Four Other Traits - Perform four more crosses as described above. • WT female X Vestigial wing (VG) male • WT female X Ebony body (E) male • WT female X Dumpy wing (Dp) male • WT female X Brown eye (BW) male • Before proceeding, do a Punnett square of each cross to predict the results if the mutation is recessive and if the mutation is dominant. 7) Perform a Dihybrid Cross - In this cross, you will examine the inheritance of two phenotypes at the same time. • Design a WT female fly as above. • Design a male fly with both sepia eyes and dumpy wings (SE, Dp). • Mate these flies as above, carrying the cross to the F2 generation. (Instructions taken from the course shell) IV. Observations and Results Lab Results and Information Male to Female ratio: Monohybrid Crosses: Di-hybrid Cross: For the following results, I had to borrow it from my classmate gagan because I could not get the lab to run on my computer. He explained to me what the lab was and how I was to go about it. V. Discussion In order for me to start this experiment, I needed a control group, which I obtained by taking two common wild female fruit flies as well as wild male fruit flies that are both homozygous. In the lab, we will mate of different fruit flies to determine what phenotypes may come out. I started it out by having two fruit flies and determining the male to female offspring. This would be determined through the punnet square, where YY is for female and XY is for male, which, in this case, the ratio is 1:1 which is a 50% chance for male or female being the offspring. It resulted with a 1:1.015, which proved that my hypothesis was correct. The result for the experiment was an event amount, where females lead by 0.1% for the F1 and F2 generation. For F2 generation, 24.7% of the flies had sepia eyes, which means that it was recessive alleles within them, and vestigial wings were added to the wild male. The ratio for F1 was 1.000 and 24.7% of the flies had vestigial wings in the F2 generation. Epistasis was applied to the F1 male for the final experiment. The male had both sepia and dumpy wings. The majority displayed to have 55.8% with no phenotype recessive traits, and 19% had sepia eyes while the other 19% had dumpy wings, and last but not least, 5.8% had both traits. VI. Conclusion In the lab, we attempted monohybrid and di-hybrid crossbreed in fruit flies experiments. The purpose of this lab was to see how Mendel’s first and second laws of breeding with different recessive traits were, all while we generate a hypothesis for different proportional phenotype results. With his law, we are able to predict the outcome of reproduction as long as we know both the parents’ phenotype dominate traits.