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Lecture notes Biodiversity: Exploiters and Exploited Salmon (BI2EEE4) £7.99
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Lecture notes Biodiversity: Exploiters and Exploited Salmon (BI2EEE4)

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These lecture notes are the eigth in a series from the module biodiversity: exploiters and exploited. This lecture covers everything about salmon from their lifecycle stages, overfishing to diseases/paracites. A great way to start your understanding in this module (or help you get out of the lectur...

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  • July 30, 2022
  • 4
  • 2019/2020
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26.11.19


L8 – Salmon
Keywords:
Anadromous (moving from fresh water (spawn) to salt water as they mature (feeding)) ,
canadromous (opposite)

Lecture:
 Atlantic Salmon (King of Fish/Salmo salar)
o Family: Salmonidae (fresh water and salt water/fresh water)
o Stats:
 60-75 cm and 3-5kg mostly but can reach 36kg in 1920s (over fishing)
 Bony fish but w/adipose fin (same as trout)
 Around northen coast from Spain to Russia, England and East American
 Therefore found in the Atlantic
o Life cycle
 Adults assemble in pools to where born (1-5 years after born)
 Only 1-3% return to fresh water
 Don’t feed in fresh water
 Kype = develop hooked jaw
 Usually by October (autumn salmon rivers) but also have
spring/summer rivers (pops don’t mix)
 Redd = Females cut saucer shaped (15 cm deep) in 36h
 Eggs and sperm (milk) release together in red (external fertalisation)
 Female covers over rudd
 Breed up to half a dozen times
 Eggs develop over winter in Autumn (require flowing, unpolluted stream for
O2)
 Alvins = hatch out & continue using egg sac storage for several weeks (1cm)
 Fry = no egg sac ‫ ؞‬migrates to surface of water to feed itself (5cm)
 Parr = has parr marks, live there for 1-3 years, food dependent (size of
finger)
 Smolt = morph (silvery/loss parr marks), phys (eye changes for salt water
and osmoreg) and behavioural ∆
 W/temp
 ∆ as migrating to see
 In fresh water = salmon more concentrated then fresh water by
diffusion occurs by taking in water and then have dilute urine (and
use minerals via kidney)
 In sea water = salmon are less concentrated than salt water
therefore drink water and excretes salt via glands in the gills and
secrete small vols of concentrated urine
 Slmoth -estuary→ sea
 Sea
 Grilse = send 1 year/2 winters at sea (extremely close to death)
 How do they find their rivers?
o 95% go back to their own river
o Pheromones initially used on approaching home coast

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