Word Identification (TExES 293/STR) Already Passed

Word Identification (TExES 293/STR) Already Passed Consonant Digraph two consonants that make a single consonant sound when together in a word Graphophonic Cue Use of letter sounds and spelling patterns to decipher new words Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) The state foundation curriculum developed by the State Board of Education, that requires all students to demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to read, write, compute, problem solve, think critically, apply technology, and communicate across all subject areas Long Vowel When a vowel sounds like its name, this is called a long vowel sound. Decoding In reading out loud, being able to sound out words by breaking them into simple forms. In reading for comprehension, the understanding of how to read each letter or letter pattern in a word to determine the word's meaning Morphology The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech. Synthetic Phonics Approach an accelerated approach to phonics instruction that explicitly teaches how to convert letters into sounds (phonemes) and then blend the sounds to form words. Cognates Words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation. Decodable Word words that follow common letter/sound correspondence rules and can be "sounded out" Sight Word word that cannot be decoded because it doesn't follow standard phonics rules and must be recognized by sight Sight Word Instruction the approach taken when teaching high frequency, often irregular words to early readers Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write R-Controlled Vowel a vowel followed by the letter r where the "r" that doesn't make its normal short or long sound Grapheme A symbol, letter, or the combination of letters that represents a single sound. Letter-Sound Correspondence knowing what sound(s) each letter makes Analogy-Based Phonics Approach an approach to phonics instruction in which students use knowledge of word patterns to decode new words Pragmatic Cue Use of a text's function or purpose to create meaning Texas Prekindergarten Guidelines detailed descriptions of expected behaviors across multiple skill domains that should be observed in children from the beginning to the end of prekindergarten Contextual Analysis use of surrounding information in a text to help determine a word Diphthong one vowel sound made by the combination of two vowel sounds High-Frequency Word a word that appears often in grade-level text Embedded Phonics Approach an approach to phonics instruction that involves implicitly teaching through reading or in context Spelling-Based Phonics Approach an approach to phonics instruction that involves spelling rules and phonemes Word Families a group of words with a shared ending letter group/sound Word Analysis breaking down words into morphemes, or the smallest units of meaning Whole Word Reading reading a word by sight, without attempting to decode it Phoneme the smallest individual sounds in a word Root Base words to which prefixes, suffixes, and syllables can be added Vowel Digraph two vowels that make a single vowel sound when together in a word, also known as "vowel teams" Inflectional Affix an affix that changes the form of the root or base word Syntactic Cue Use of a sentence or paragraph's grammar to comprehend a text Structural / Morphemic Analysis breaking up a word and using the recognizable pieces to help in decoding Semantic Cue Use of word, symbol, or speech meanings to comprehend a text Affix A letter or letters that change a root word's meaning Short Vowel the sound that most often corresponds to a vowel when the vowel occurs individually between consonants Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words Consonant Blend two or more consonants that blend together when decoded, but each retains its own sound Morpheme A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts. This includes prefixes and suffixes. Language Transfer process that occurs when students who are learning a new language transfer knowledge from L1 to L2 Automaticity the ability to read words effortlessly Phoneme Blending the ability to blend two sounds to make a word Encode using individual sounds to spell a word Analytic Phonics Approach a common approach to phonics instruction in which students are taught to recognize whole words by sight and then to break down words into smaller units of sound Dolch Word List the 220 most frequently used words that are considered basic level to the reading of a first or second grader in English