AICP Exam Prep - Key Figures Question and Answer 2023

Ernest Burgess - Developed Concentric Circle Theory with Robert E. Park in 1925. Wrote the 'The City' together. Patrick Geddes - Author of Cities in Evolution, Scottish botanist and biologist, considered father of regional planning. Innovating planning theorist, introduced concept of 'region.' Believed social processes and spatial form are related. Designed and Jerusalem expansion and Tel Aviv around Garden City movement. Alfred Bettman - Cincinnati lawyer. Drafted a bill 1915 that enabled the creation of local planning commissions in Ohio. Wrote and influential brief on Euclid v. Amber Realty. 1st president of American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) in 1934. Helped write Cincinnati Comp Plan. Was on Hoover's Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning. George Pullman - Railroad tycoon & inventor of Pullman railroad car, Developer of Pullman, IL a town that tried to combine industries need for efficiency with workers need for decent housing. Tried to make Pullman a model industry town. Violently suppressed striking workers and tried to control social life with poor results. Catherine Bauer Wurster - Wrote 'Modern Housing' in 1934. Labelled herself a 'houser.' Advocated for raising the quality of urban life by improving shelter for low-income people. Played a role in US Housing Act of 1937. Profoundly influenced by Lewis Mumford. Served as director of Research and Information of US Housing Authority. Clarence Stein - Co-designer of Radburn, NJ, and Sunnyside Gardens a US garden city. Member of Regional Plan Association of American. Radburn used Neighborhood Unit Concept, was a friend of Perry. Wrote 'Toward New Towns for America' in 1951. Paul Davidoff - Wrote ' A Choice Theory of Planning' with Thomas ReinerFounded Suburban Action Institute, which challenged exclusionary zoning in courts, winning a notable success in Mt. Laurel case led to requirements that communities provide their fair share of low-income housing in N.J. Developed concept of advocacy planner. Ebenezer Howard - A British reformer. Published 'Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform' in 1989, which started the garden city movement. Garden cities were self-contained with industry and residential surrounded by greenbelts. Spawned garden city movement in other countries. Ian McHarg - Wrote 'Design with Nature' in 1969, pioneered concept of ecological planning. Father of modern Ecology/Environment movement. His firm created a plan in 1962 for 4 Maryland river valleys that first proposed TDR. Advocated layered mapping tech. - foundation of GIS. Designed The Woodland, TX. Favored cluster development. Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. - Designed Central Park in NYC. One of the first to espouse value of 'City Beautiful' movement. Father of American landscape architecture. Designer of arguably one of the first planned communities in the US.Riverside, IL (1869). Felt the planning should be judged by level of reduced disease. Site planned for 1892 Columbian Expo. Jacob August Riis - Author of 'How the Other Half Live' and 'Children of the Poor.' Worked with Veiller on NY Tenement Law. Used photographs and writing to document conditions in slums and urban poor. His housing reform and changes in NY that became national model. A leading housing reformer in history of planning. Helped with implementation of tenement in NY. Daniel Hudson Burnham - Father of city planning in US. Wrote the influential 1909 ' Plan for Chicago' which gave birth to modern city planning. His firm planned the 1893 World's Columbian Expo at which he presented the White City which inspired the city beautiful movement. Jane Jacobs - Wrote 'The Death and Life of the Great American Cities' which criticized the practice of bulldozing for urban renewal and instead called for more density, diversity, etc. Opposed Robert Moses and worked to promote neighborhoods and kill 'expressway' projects. Look at how cities do work, not how they aught to work. Some 'slums' are lively and energetic.