AQA A Level Psychology – Psychopathology Review Questions 2023.

AQA A Level Psychology – Psychopathology Review Questions 2023.Statistical infrequency - ANSWER Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic Example of statistical infrequency - ANSWER -Lower than average IQ, 70 -May be diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder Statistical deviation evaluation - ANSWER -Real life application - diagnosis of mental disorders -Unusual characteristics may be positive - e.g. higher than average IQ -Not everyone benefits from a label - lower than average IQ might be able to live normal life but label could negatively impact self esteem Deviation from social norms - ANSWER Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society, specific to the culture we live in Example of deviation from social norms - ANSWER -Antisocial personality disorder -Failure to conform to lawful or culturally normative ethical behaviour -Person is abnormal because they do not conform Deviation from social norms evaluation - ANSWER -Real life application - diagnosis of disorders -Never the sole reason - antisocial personality disorder also categorised by distress (failure to function) -Cultural relativity - social norms depend on culture, can't apply to people from other groups -Human rights abuses - defining people as abnormal to control them e.g. slaves who ran away Failure to function adequately - ANSWER When an individual is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living, e.g. intellectual disability disorder Rosenhan and Seligman's signs of not coping - ANSWER -Lack of conformity to standard interpersonal rules - maintaining eye contact, respecting personal space -Severe personal distres -Dangerous and irrational behaviour to self and others Failure to function evaluation - ANSWER -Patient's perspective - considers individual's subjective experience, useful criteria -May just be deviation from social norms - e.g. extreme sports, religion Subjective judgement - difficult to judge distress Deviation from ideal mental health - ANSWER Occurs when an individual does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health Jahoda's criteria for ideal mental health - ANSWER -No symptoms or distress -Rational behaviour, accurate self perception -Self actualisation (reaching potential) -Coping with stress -Realistic world view -Good self esteem, lack of guilt -Independence -Successful work, love and leisure Deviation from ideal mental health evaluation - ANSWER -Comprehensive - covers wide range of criteria -Cultural relativity - self actualisation may not be as normal in other countries -Unrealistically high standard for mental health - would see us all as deviant Behavioural characteristics of OCD - ANSWER -Compulsions -Avoidance