SYG 2000 exam 1 with complete solutions

Sociological Imagination - Answer- The ability to see the connections between our personal experience and the larger forces of history, and understand the personal troubles and social problems Who came up with the Sociological Imagination - Answer- C. Wright Mills Social Institutions - Answer- A group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role Examples of social institutions - Answer- Family, legal system, Education system History of Soc: Theological stage - Answer- The 1st of Comte's stages; Society seemed to be the result of the divine will History of Soc: Metaphysical stage - Answer- Thinkers saw human kind's behavior as governed by natural, biological instincts History of Soc: Scientific stage - Answer- We would develop a social physics of sorts in order to identify the scientific laws that govern human behavior Auguste Comte - Answer- Best way to understand society is to determine the logic/scientific laws governing human behavior Harriet Martineau - Answer- Translated Comte's work; early feminist Karl Marx - Answer- Theory of historical realism; Class conflict is primary cause of social change Max Weber - Answer- Emphasis on subjectivity became a foundation of interpretive sociology Emile Durkheim - Answer- Founder of positivist sociology; theory that division of labor helps determine social cohesion; contributed to concept of anomie Georg Simmel - Answer- Formal sociology of pure numbers Where did American sociology begin - Answer- Chicago School Chicago School - Answer- people's behaviors and personalities are shaped by their social/physical surroundings George Horton Cooley - Answer- Looking Glass Self Looking Glass Self - Answer- We envision how others perceive us, and then we gauge the responses of others to our presentation of self George Herbert Mead - Answer- Developed idea of self (I, Me, Other) WEB DuBois - Answer- Double Consciousness Jane Adams - Answer- applied social activism Why is sociology a unique discipline? - Answer- It focuses on comparisons across cases to find patterns and create hypotheses about how societies work Macro-sociology - Answer- Whole societies or large portions of them Micro-sociology - Answer- Individuals What is culture - Answer- A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices What is culture based off - Answer- 1) Natural environment 2) What is created/ modified by humans Code Switching - Answer- ability to fluidly switch between 2 sets of norms Ethnocentrism - Answer- Belief that one's own culture is superior Cultural relativism - Answer- we should recognize the differences across cultures WITHOUT PASSING JUDGEMENTS Values - Answer- Moral beliefs Norms - Answer- Ways in which values tell us to act Hegemony - Answer- A process by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary consent of the masses (Media) What are Media - Answer- Any formats, platforms, or vehicles that carry, present, or communicate info Who controls the media - Answer- 6 companies control the majority of the info and messages communicated to the public; very easy to push their personal agendas How does Media affect the political economy - Answer- Play a huge role in the maintenance of consumerism. The globalization of media has spread American culture around the world What is socialization - Answer- how you learn to become a functioning member of society Theories of socialization - Answer- Development of Self (Me, Myself, I) and Other I - Answer- Ones sense of agency, action, or power Self - Answer- The individual identity of a person as perceived by the same person Me - Answer- the self as perceived as an object by the "I"; the self as one imagines others perceive one Other - Answer- Someone or something outside of ones self