EDF 6225 Exam #2 Solved 100% 2023

Functional Relationship - ANSWER-the results of an experiment that describe the occurrence of the phenomena under study as a function of the operation of one or more specified and controlled variables in the experiment in which specific change in one event (dependent variable) can be produced by manipulating another event (the independent variable) and that the change in the dependent variable was unlikely the result of other factors (confounding variable). Functional Relationship - ANSWER-It shows specific manipulations of one event (IV) produce a change in other events (DV) and that change in the DV was unlikely the result of extraneous factors (confounding variables)- this finding is the.... Independent Variable (IV) - ANSWER-The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the dependent variable. In applied behavior analysis, it is usually an environment event or condition antecedent or consequent to the dependent variable. (sometimes called the intervention or treatment variable) Dependent Variable (DV) - ANSWER-The measured behavior in an experiment to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable; in applied behavior analysis, it represents some measure of a socially significant behavior. (Target behavior) antecedent - ANSWER-is the environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest. Behavior - ANSWER-An organism's interaction with the environment. Consequence - ANSWER-is anything immediately following a behavior in which we are interested. Stimulus Class - ANSWER-A group of stimuli that are similar along one or more dimensions (for example, they look or sound similar, they have a common effect on behavior, or they occur at similar times relative to the response). Stimulus Class - ANSWER-You show a student a banana, kiwi, strawberry and plum. You ask the student, "What are these?" The student says, "Fruit", even though they are all different fruits. Response Class - ANSWER-is a group of responses that produce the same effect on the environment. (in other words, several behaviors that have the same function.) Response Class - ANSWER-A patient engages in head banging, screaming, and hitting staff which all produce the same effect on the environment; the patient can escape their non-preferred therapies. The 4 Reinforcer Dimensions - ANSWER-Rate of reinforcement, Quality of reinforcement, Reinforcer Delay, and Response effort. Rate of reinforcement - ANSWER-is the number of reinforcements per time Quality of reinforcement - ANSWER-how good is that reinforcer compared to other similar reinforcers Reinforcer Delay - ANSWER-refers to whether access to reinforcers earned was immediate or delayed. Response Effort - ANSWER-the amount of effort a person must put forth to successfully complete a specific behavior and can have a direct impact on the frequency with which the person will engage in that behavior Hernstein's Matching Law - ANSWER-says that we (animals including humans) perform behaviors in a ratio that matches the ratio of available reinforcement for those behaviors. The matching law - ANSWER-suggests that when different schedules of reinforcement are available at the same time for different behaviors, individuals will distribute their behavior according to the relative rates of reinforcement available for each option. Time-out - ANSWER-The immediate response-contingent withdrawal of opportunity to earn positive reinforcement or the immediate loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specified time; a form of negative punishment. Non-exclusion - ANSWER-student remains in the time-in setting. Terminate Specific reinforcer contact - ANSWER-variation whereby each occurrence of the target behavior immediately stops an activity or sensory reinforcer. contingent observation - ANSWER-the person is repositioned in the existing setting so they can observe what is going on but access to available reinforcers is lost. Partition or Select Space Time-Out - ANSWER-student remains in time-in setting, but their view is restricted by a panel/cubicle, or select space is arranged to serve as a time-out area.