Summary
Summary Application for Criminal Psychology OCR A-level
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- OCR
Descriptions of all of the application in Criminal Psychology for OCR
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What makes a criminalDrug treatments
MI is associated w malfunction in the nervous system so it means they may be helpful in
preventing associated criminal behaviour
Antipsychotic drugs to treat schizo - thought to work by altering the effect of chemicals in
the brain like dopamine. Antagonists because they block dopamine.
Clozapine - 2nd gen, atypical antipsychotic used to treat severe schizo
Advantage
Address crime + violent behaviour across a range of mh issues like schizophrenia and adhd.
Additionally can be prescribed to juveniles and adults but there is a risk of over-
prescription especially to young ppl who may not quality for psychiatric diagnosis
Seena Fazel et al - found to effectively reduce violent crime among prison populations by
45% reduction in violent crime.
Nutritional supplements
Zaalberg et al
Mounting evidence that diet has an important bearing on aggression and criminal behaviour
bcs deficiencies in omega 3 may result in limited regulation of the limbic system by the
frontal lobes - the result of self-control problems and aggressive behaviours
Supplementing omega-3 may lead to improvements. Has been suggested that antisocial
behaviour is reduced by supplements with vitamins and minerals and fatty acids like
omega-3
Also suggests that offenders may have a better diet during their imprisonment compared to
living conditions outside. Use of nutritional supplements may be easier to enforce when
they are in prison and there is support + rehab
Bio-social intervention programme
Old conducted a bio-social intervention programme which addressed all these risk factors
and found that after a 15 year follow up study showed a 63% reduction in convictions in
those whose mothers had received intervention
- Children of mothers that smoke during pregnancy - high risk of becoming violent
offenders
- Birth complications
- Poor nutrition - double chance of antisocial behaviour
- Early maternal care is v important during the prenatal and postnatal periods of BD
, 3 part intervention programme
Raine - programme to provide
- Nutrition - milk, fruit juice and a hot meal a day w/ protein
- Exercise - afternoon sessions in the gym, free play and structured games
- Cognitive stimulation - nursery school provided activities consisting of toys, puzzles
Found that by the age of 17, children had significantly less antisocial behaviour compared
to the control group w poor nutrition
Plastic surgery
Lewinson - ppl may be treated in certain ways due to their appearance, so others create a
self-fulfilling prophecy where they follow a criminal pathway because they are expected to
Plastic surgery has the potential to apply a biological strategy to prevent criminal
behaviour
Found
- Increase in cooperation with authority and participation in activities
- More likely to want to learn a trade
- Morale was increased and hostility was reduced
- 42% reoffend which is a lot less than the 75% for the general population
- They felt cared for and were extremely grateful to the staff for the opportunity
Chemical castration
Dabbs - individuals with high testosterone need to reduce their levels
Androgens are hormones that regulate the development of sex characteristics
Typically ppl born with male sex characteristics have high levels of androgens. Ppl born as
females have less and more oestrogen
Anti-androgen work by blocking effects of androgens like testosterone - do this by binding
to proteins called androgen receptors so androgens can’t
Collection of evidence
ACE-V - analysis, comparison evaluation verification is a structured approach to fingerprint
identification which can be useful in minimising the effects of bias.
4 steps
1. Analysis phase: latent print (unsolved) is examined to determine the overall pattern
of the ridges. More detailed features like the size of the ridge width are then
analysed and finally smaller features are examined under magnification, like shapes
and positions of sweat pores.
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