Basic Biochemistry with correct answers

Basic Biochemistry Atom - correct answer basic unit of matter Nucleus - correct answer center of atom electron - correct answer negatively charged particle in electron cloud(atomic number = number of protons) proton - correct answer positively charged particle at center of atom(atomic number & number of electrons) element - correct answer pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. isotopes - correct answer atoms that differ in the number of neutrons they contain radioactive isotopes - correct answer nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time compound - correct answer substance formed by 2 or more elements in definite proportions ionic bind - correct answer one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another ions - correct answer electrically charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons. covalent bond - correct answer a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule molecule - correct answer two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds van der Waals forces - correct answer intermolecule force of attraction polar substance - correct answer molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed (cell membrane is non polar and surrounds cells in our body; some animals use oils to waterproof themselves) hydrogen bond - correct answer attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge Properties of Water - correct answer great solvent high heat capacity polar substance less dense as solid surface tension strong adhesion cohesion cohesion - correct answer attraction between molecules of the same substance(allows water and other liquids to be transported throughout organisms) adhesion - correct answer attraction between molecules of different substances(from hydrogen bonds) surface Tension - correct answer resistance on top from hydrogen bonds (organisms use tension to move across water) heat Capacity - correct answer amount of heat energy required to increase its temperature-absorbs and releases heat slowly (helps organisms maintain homeostasis) less dense than solid - correct answer ice floats( allows organisms to live under the ice) mixture - correct answer a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically yet not chemically combined solution - correct answer type of mixture in which all components are evenly distributed solute - correct answer the substance that is dissolved solvent - correct answer the substance in which the solute dissolves suspensions - correct answer mixtures of water and non-dissolved material pH scale - correct answer scales with values 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution: pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 7 to 14 is basic acid - correct answer any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution base - correct answer compound that produces hydroxide in a solution buffers - correct answer weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH macromolecules - correct answer large molecules(proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates) monomers - correct answer small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers polymers - correct answer large compound formed from combinations of many monomers polymerization - correct answer process most macromolecules are formed by carbohydrates its ions am les - correct answer 1. glucose 2. provide energy, structural support, store energy 3. sextagon, all carbon except for one oxygen 4. glucose, cellulose, starch, glycogen lipids its ions am les - correct answer 1. glycerol, fatty caid 2. energy storage, chemical signaling, cell membrane structure, providing energy 3. three hydrogen bonded with carbon and hydrogen carbon bond chains 4. fats, phospholipids, steroids, saturated and unsaturated fats nucleic acids its ions am les - correct answer 1. nucleotides 2. store hereditary information 3. phosphate bonded to pentose sugar, which is bonded to a nitrogen, makes ladder 4. DNA,RNA proteins its ions am les - correct answer 1. amico acids 2. provide energy, structural support, store H R O 3. ______I_____// / I H H OH 4. enzymes, muscle fibers, antibodies chemical reaction - correct answer process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another reactants - correct answer elements or compounds that enter a chemical reaction products - correct answer elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction energy-absorbing reactions - correct answer take in energy (needs to have a source of energy to take place) energy-releasing reactions - correct answer let go energy (occur spontaneously) activation energy - correct answer energy needed to get a reaction started catalyst - correct answer chemical that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction substrate - correct answer reactants of enzyme-catalazed reactions active site - correct answer the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate Diagram of Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction - correct answer Enzyme (Active Site)> Reactants some in>Substrates go to Active site> Substrates converted to products> products released