Public Speaking Final Exam (Mclaughlin) Questions with Correct Solution Rated A+

Who is the father of debate? - Protagoras Who is the father of eloquence? - Isocrates Who is the father of Sophism? - Gorgias Who wrote the Rhetoric? - Aristotle Who's nickname is "The Great Tully"? - Marcus Cicero Who developed the Socratic Method and what does it mean? - Socrates Q & A leads you to truth What is the Sophist tradition? - Truth is relative it can change, be created... 5 Canons of Rhetoric was developed by who and what are they - Marcus Cicero Invention, Disposition, Elocution, Memory, and Delivery. Canon of Invention - is the discovery stage of the speech making process. Canon of Disposition - is the arrangement stage. This is when the speaker has completed the research and starts making decisions of how to arrange the material is his/her presentation. Canon of Elocution - is the style of the presentation. The speaker's style can be the sound of his voice, use of figures of speech, his attire, and all of his nonverbal during the speech. Canon of Memory - deals with the speaker's ability to remember what they want to say and when they want to say. Canon of Delivery - deals with the overall effectiveness of the presentation Definition of persuasion - process with a goal of creating or shaping, reinforcing or changing beliefs and/or behaviors Process of Persuasion - Awareness Comprehension Acceptance Integration Monroe's Motivated Sequence - Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action Attention Step - is designed to gain the interest of the listeners.i. You need to capture your audience's attention quickly. Use an introduction technique: startling statements, unique fact, and dramatic story. Need Step - the speaker must establish a clear, urgent and unfulfilled need in the mind of the audience. Satisfaction Step - This is when you present a solution to the problem. You show the audience how to satisfy the need Visualization Step - The purpose of this step is to develop within your audience an image of the consequences of their choices Action Step - This step should move your audience to actually do something. In this step you should define specific actions to be taken by the audience to solve the problem. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - (top to bottom) Self- Actualization- becoming all you can be Self- Esteem Needs- self like Social Needs- friendships, groups, love Safety Needs- house, money, safe Physiological Needs- water, oxygen, food, sleep List and Discuss Persuasive Appeals - Logos- based on power of reason Pathos- appeals to emotions Ethos- based on competence, integrity, likableness, or power Mythos- assumes people value their cultural heritage List the credibility factors - competence and character What is credibility? - audience's perception is the speaker has competence and character How do you establish credibility? - establish common ground fluency- being able to avoid verbal pauses conviction- you have to sound believable Definition of argument - a stated position or support for or against an idea or issue Elements of an argument - Claim Evidence Warrant Analyze the Question of Policy Claim - speakers conclusion based upon the evidence (thesis) List and describe the three types of claims - Fact-A question or statement about the truth or falsity of an assertion Value- a question about the worth, rightness, morality of an idea or action. Policy-a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. Evidence - data used to support claim Warrant - reason why claim and evidence go together Analyze the Question of Policy - need (burden of proof), plan, practicality Define reasoning - is the process by which we come to understand something previously known, through analyzing and integrating those things we already know; process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of the EVIDENCE List and describe the types of reasoning - DEDUCTIVE reasoning (reasoning from principles, the facts are already known. General to Specific Inductive Reasoning - (Reasoning from specific instances) - Specific to General The simplest and most common kind of reasoning Causal Reasoning Links cause and effect Reasoning by Analogy - compares two things in the same category. Fallacies of Reasoning - Ad Hominen- character assassination Slippery slope- a person takes the first step in the wrong direction, it will lead down a dangerous path of no return Hasty generalization-not enough evidence Confusing sequence with cause- because something happened first it cause the second thing to occur Red Herring- introduces an irelevant issue in order to divert attention Either Or- Reducing an issue to an either or choice Band wagon- assumes that if something is popular, it is therefore good Invalid analogy- two cases being compared are not essentially alike Appeal to tradition- assumes that something old is automatically better than something new Denotative - Dictionary Connotative- - implied Definition of language - a unified system of symbols used to create shared meaning Definition of symbol - something that stands for something else in our minds Using language _______ & _________ - appropriately clearly Methods of delivery - Impromptu-Little or no immediate preparation manuscript-a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience. ***Extemperaneous- A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.