BIOC 385 EXAM 3 MODULE 8 (100% Correct)

what causes gout? correct answers gout is caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints and kidneys, which is very painful 4 major fns of nucleotides in cells? correct answers 1. building blocks of RNA and DNA/genetic info storage and transfer using DNA base pairs 2. the energy currency by phosphoyl transfer reax//energy conversion reactions (such as the ATP synthase complex) 3. coenzyme-dependent reax utilizing NAD+ and FAD 4. signal transduction (by cyclic AMP in phosphoryl transfer) Which two dzs are caused by defects in purine metabolism? correct answers gout (due to builldup of uric acid crystals) and Lesch-Nyhan dz (caused by HGPRT deficiencies) where do the N atoms in nucleotide bases come from? where does the ribose sugar in nucleotide bases come from? correct answers N atoms come from glycine, aspartate, and glutamine; ribose sugar is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway what do nucleotides consist of? correct answers they consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a ribose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines? correct answers -purines= adenine and guanine -pyrimidines= cytosine, thymine, and uracil what do nucleotide salvage pathways accomplish? correct answers they recycle bases and use less energy than de novo biosynthesis what does RNA degradation produce? correct answers it produces oligonucleotides, which are cleaved by phosphodiesterases to yield nucleoside monophosphates (NMPs): these are used for nucleic acid synthesis or degraded to Ribose-1-phosphate and free bases in general, how are purines synthesized? what intermediate is generated in the process? correct answers they are synthesized directly on the ribose sugar phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to generate the intermediate IMP in general, how are pyrimidines synthesized? what intermediate is generated in the process? correct answers pyrimidine bases are synthesized from carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate to yield orotate, which is then linked to PRPP to generate intermediate OMP (which eventually produces UMP) what occurs during stages 1 and 2 of purine biosynthesis? correct answers -stage 1: the purine ring is built onto the PRPP ribose sugar, beginning w addition of the first nitrogen obtained from glutamine; the final product of stage 1 is the * 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotides (AIR) (which has 6/9 atoms that make up purine ring)