WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A

WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A Q: An ultrasound reveals that a woman's baby is a boy. If she is a carrier for hemophilia, what is the probability her son will have hemophilia? 50% 75% 100% 25% Answer: 50% Rational: The woman has two copies of the X chromosome. One of the woman's X chromosomes has the allele that causes hemophilia, and one has a healthy allele. Therefore, she is expected to pass on the disease-causing allele 50% of the time. Since her son only inherits one X chromosome, inheriting one allele that causes hemophilia would give him the disease. Q: Noah, who has sickle cell anemia, is encouraged by recent gene therapy studies. Rather than fixing the defective gene, the treatment tells the body to begin making a fetal form of hemoglobin. How does sickle cell anemia affect the body? Individuals with sickle cell anemia lack the gene for the fetal form of hemoglobin. In individuals with sickle cell anemia, the genes for both fetal hemoglobin and the adult form of hemoglobin have mutations that cause the disease. Individuals with sickle cell anemia are heterozygous for the sickle cell gene and possess one good copy of the sickle cell gene. In individuals with sickle cell anemia, the gene for the fetal form of hemoglobin does not have a sickle cell mutation. Answer: In individuals with sickle cell anemia, the gene for the fetal form of hemoglobin does not have a sickle cell mutation. Q: Which effect does alcohol consumption have during pregnancy on the development of the brain? It increases the volume of the frontal lobe, but the overall volume of the brain is unchanged. It decreases brain volume. It decreases the volume of the occipital lobe, but the overall volume of the brain is unchanged. It increases the proliferation of neuronal cells. unanswered Answer: It decreases brain volume. Q: What does Down syndrome result from? Exposure to alcohol during embryonic development A single point mutation An extra copy of chromosome 21 An extra copy of chromosome 9 Answer: Down syndrome results from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Q: Your patient has experienced significant blood loss due to an injury incurred in a car accident. Which physiological response is to be expected? Vasodilation will help to reduce blood pressure. ADH will stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb more water. The adrenal gland will stop releasing aldosterone. The RAAS will be inactivated. correct Answer: ADH will stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb more water. Q: Respiratory rate increases during exercise. How does this increased respiratory rate allow the body to maintain a homeostatic pH level? The increased inhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH. The increased exhalation of CO2 helps to decrease pH. The increased inhalation of CO2 helps to decrease pH. The increased exhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH. Answer: The increased exhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH. Q: An ICU patient's arterial blood gas results show low pH and low CO2 levels. The patient's respiratory rate is increased. What is the name of this condition? Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Answer: Metabolic acidosis Rational: Since the pH is low, and the pH and CO2 are trending in the same direction, the condition is metabolic acidosis. The low CO2 indicates that CO2 is not causing the acidosis. The increased respiratory rate lowers blood CO2 in an attempt to compensate for the metabolic acidosis. Q: Your patient has type I diabetes and has developed kidney disease requiring dialysis. The patient is diligent about caring for themselves and wants to maintain as much independence as possible. What course of treatment would address the patient's kidney disease while allowing the patient to care for this condition at home? Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Sugar tablets An insulin pump Answer: Peritoneal dialysis Q: Your patient has pulmonary edema, which raises levels of CO2 in the blood. What helps the patient's body to compensate for this increase? The kidneys conserve both H+ and HCO3-. The kidneys excrete more H+ and more HCO3-. The kidneys conserve H+ and excrete more HCO3-. The kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-. Answer: The kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-. Q: Your patient was stung by a bee, and his ankle is red and swollen. The inflammatory response is causing the redness and swelling. What is unlikely to occur? Antihistamines are released by mast cells at the site of the sting. Vasoconstriction at the site of the sting, causing fluid to accumulate. Blood flow to the site of the sting increases. Capillaries become leakier, allowing immune cells to be delivered to the site of the sting.