Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Biotechnology(2) Summary
Handwritten Summary by an Oxford Medical Student which covers all content necessary for an A* in Biotechnology at OCR Biology A-Level.
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Penicillin Produced by penicillum chrysogenum:
in nutrient rich mediums in bioreactors
Bioremediation :
down
Natural
organisms microorganisms which
naturally break
organic compounds
:
they would
Will bream down contaminants
Gm
organism not
-
normally encounter ie
Mercury
:
Aseptic :
Sterile
Inoculating broth :
suspension and
>
1
Mix bacteria sterile nutrient broth
.
2
Stopper with Cotton wool to prevent air contamination
.
3
Incubate and Shave to enable bacterial
growth
Inoculating agar :
Inoculating loop is sterilised with bunsen burner
1 .
a
2
Dip into the bacterial suspension and
.
spread across the petri dish
.
3
Seal the lid with tape but ensure can still enter
oxygen
Bacterial Growth Colonies :
lag phase
·
Adapting to their environment
:
new
log/exponential phase population grows
·
exponentially
:
stationary phase :
Stable population
·Death phase Reproduction :
ceases
limiting factors :
Nutrients , Oxygen ,
waste build-up temperature
,
, pH
Primary Produced through the functions of
metabolites normal
microorganism
:
a
Secondary Metabolites Non-essential substances often produced under stress
:
Batch fermentation :
Microorganisms are innoculated into a fixed volume of medium
·
Growth occurs-biomass and waste builds up
Chemical desired and products
·
occur to
changes reach the
Process death emptied
·
is stopped before the phase and the whole system is
Continuous fermentation inoculated into sterile nutrient medium
:
Microorganisms the
Medium is added reached
continually once log phase
·
is
Bioreactor : Waste and products are continually removed keeping the volume constant
·
·
Impellers mix and stir to ensure heat and nutrients distribute
evenly
·
Temperature and PH are monitored to maintain optimum conditions
·
Oxygen and nutrients are also added
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