Chemistry Chapter 5 Test Solved 100%

periodic table - ANSWER-an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group periodic law - ANSWER-"the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers" atomic radius - ANSWER-defined as ½ the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together ion - ANSWER-an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge ionization - ANSWER-any process that results in the formation of an ion ionization energy - ANSWER-the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element (also known as FIRST ionization energy) MEASURED: kJ/mol electron affinity - ANSWER-the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom cation / anion - ANSWER-a positive ion / a negative ion valence electrons - ANSWER-the electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds electronegativity - ANSWER-the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound alkali metals - ANSWER-Group 1: not found in nature, reactive, combine vigorously with nonmetals, silvery appearance, soft, react with H2O to produce hydrogen gas & aqueous solutions of substances alkaline-earth metals - ANSWER-Group 2: harder, stronger, denser, high melting points, too reactive to be found in nature halogens - ANSWER-Group 17: most reactive nonmetals, react vigorously with metals to form salts, one electron short of stable noble-gas configuration Increasing Electronegativity Trend - ANSWER-Up and Right Increasing Atomic Radius Trend - ANSWER-Down and Left Increasing Ionization Energy Trend - ANSWER-Up and Right