must ensure that Keira is taken out of the session if she starts to get frustrated at her counsellor
in order to protect their own safety as well as her own. This will help to improve her social
functioning as she will be given the time and space to reflect and collect her thoughts together
so she can re-join the session and gain the most out of it.
Effective practices in treatment and management
Health professionals need to promote independence and empowerment when providing
treatment as it can boost the service user’s confidence and self-esteem, as they are being
helped to achieve what they want in life. This will help to improve their sense of purpose and
quality of life. For example, a health professional can help a service user with religious needs to
fulfil their desire of praying in a prayer room at a particular time. The value base of care is a set
guideline that every care practitioner must follow to provide effective services to their clients.
The seven core principles of the value of base of care are:
1) The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice - This approach that aims to reduce,
undermine, or eliminate oppression and discrimination by removing the barriers that keep
individuals from using services.
2) The promotion and support of dignity, safety, and independence - The right to dignity
meaning that individuals have a right to preserve their privacy with reference to hygiene and
feeding. The right to choose: Individuals should be included in decision-making regarding their
care such as what food they want to eat, what treatments they wish to have. (“Article: Principles
of Care - Clearwater Care”) In addition, the individual must be given the information they need
to make informed choices. The right to independence: Individuals should be allowed and
encouraged to do as much for themselves as possible which will help to empower them. (“The
Care Value Base - Welsh Government”)
3) Respect for, and acknowledgement of, personal beliefs and individual identity -
Acknowledging individuals’ personal beliefs and identity means that healthcare professionals
should try to communicate that they accept the person for who they are and what they believe
in.
4) The maintenance of confidentiality - Confidentiality is about keeping information private
when it should be kept private. This includes written records computer records and verbal
information. A health or social care worker had the responsibility of ensuring the information
about their service user is kept confidential and not passed on without the individual’s
permission.
5)Protection from harm and abuse – Healthcare professionals have a duty to safeguard service
users from abuse and potential harm which could have a serious impact on the health and well-
being of the individual.
6)The promotion of effective communication and relationships - Quality care can be provided
through effective communication and building trustworthy relationships with service users so
they may feel comfortable and at ease when care is being delivered to them.
7) The provision of personalised (individual) care - Rather than treating everyone the same,
healthcare professionals should provide care that meets each person’s individual needs. To do
this each individual needs to be assessed to find out their needs, considering personal beliefs
and preferences.
Andy Evaluation
Evaluation of social functioning
, Conformity to majority influence
The social learning theory links Andy’s setting as at Thinkaction he attends group therapy. The
group therapy imparts a sense of safety as participants will be encouraged to own their feelings,
learn from each other, and develop better understanding of how they interact. For example,
when he goes to therapy sessions, he may be encouraged by most of the group to take his
medication and take advice because it would have helped them to overcome their PTSD so he
will think it will do the same to him. This perspective states that you may be influenced by
people around you so Andy will learn to obey instructions if the majority of other people in his
therapy session do, and he may take advice from other people which helped them to overcome
some of the symptoms of PTSD. Therefore, the promotion of effective communication and
relationship will help improve Andy’s social functioning. However, one limitation of this topic
would be that Andy may not feel comfortable discussing past or present issues, feelings,
thoughts, and opinions that he feels are personal and sensitive to speak about. He may feel
much more comfortable discussing such issues and feelings in the privacy of a quiet room with
one individual, in which they have built trust and a bond with. (“Benefits and Limitations of
Group Therapy”). Another limitation would be that large group discussions could also cause
issues regarding confidentiality as not all members may keep the discussion topics confidential
and may discuss with other outside the group therapy who are not entitled to know of the
confidential conversations.
Obedience – Milgram
Obedience links to the biological perspective as Andy may need to take medication and will
need to listen to his psychologist at Thinkaction and be obedient in the instructions they give.
This is because the psychologist working within this perspective will help Andy to obey any
advice or instructions given to him which may help him to overcome his symptoms. It is
important that the psychologist ensures they follow the promotion of anti-discriminatory
behaviour when using this approach as they will ensure they treat Andy equal to others with
PTSD. However, this will not enforce obedience to change behaviour if Andy does not feel ready
and the health professional will not provide a more forceful approach with Andy as he suffers
from PTSD from a car accident in comparison to war conflicts. However, this may not enable him
to improve this social functioning because even if Andy does take in any advice and support
given, this will just mask any other problems that he has. For example, this will not help him to
stop self-harming as a limitation would be that he may just feel the same way as the
psychologist will not know everything that he is thinking. Even if Andy does take his medication,
his symptoms might still be severe so his problems will still be causing different behaviour.
Another limitation would be that he may obey any instructions given but other problems may
still be masked so they are not helping his negative thoughts about the car crash.
Factors affecting hostility and aggression
The frustration-aggression hypothesis links to the cognitive perspective as Andy’s PTSD results in
him being consumed by negative thoughts which may result in him releasing aggression upon
himself such as self-harming. In order to enhance Andy’s social functioning, the health
professional at Thinkaction must use the care value of protection Andy from harm and abuse.
