SPLH 620- EXAM 2 Questions & Answers 100% Accurate

primary sensory areas of "special senses" - Answer -hearing -vision -taste -smell hearing sensory area - Answer primary auditory cortex -located in: auditory cortex & temporal lobe vision sensory area - Answer primary visual cortex -located in: visual cortex & occipital lobe taste sensory area - Answer gustatory cortex -located in: insular lobe (hidden) & in inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe smell sensory area - Answer olfactory cortex -located in: temporal lobe types of hearing loss - Answer -conductive -sensorineural Conductive hearing loss - Answer -involves the outer & middle ear inability of air vibrations to reach the organ of Corti parts of ear involved in conductive hearing loss - Answer outer & middle ear sensorineural hearing loss - Answer hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells (hair cells) or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness damage to hair cells in cochlea can be from..... - Answer long-term exposure to loud noises damage to the cochlear nerve can be from.... - Answer an infection, damage, or tumor on the nerve parts of the outer ear - Answer pinna & ear canal parts of the middle ear - Answer tympanic membrane & 3 ossicles 3 ossicles in the middle ear - Answer -malleus -incus -stapes outer ear - Answer middle ear - Answer parts of the inner ear - Answer cochlea, vestibular system, semicircular canals inner ear - Answer function of outer ear - Answer transmit sound vibrations from the pinna to the tympanic membrane function of middle ear - Answer amplification of sound acoustic -- mechanical function of inner ear - Answer -transforms sound -mechanical -- chemoelectrical -represents sound frequencies 3 chambers of cochlea - Answer 1. scala vestibuli 2. scala media 3. scala tympani scala vestibuli - Answer -leads from oval window to the apex of the cochlea -filled with perilymph scala tympani - Answer -extends from apex of cochlea to round window -filled with perilymph scala media - Answer Middle chamber of the cochlea -filled with endolymph scala vestibuli - Answer scala tympani - Answer scala media - Answer the movement of the ___________ starts the movement of the scala ________________. - Answer stapes ; scala vestibule organ of corti - Answer sensory organ of hearing -composed of hair cells -energy from the cochlea causes the basilar membrane to vibrate... bending the hair cells... & generate AP organ of corti contains - Answer hair cells and tectorial membrane organ of corti - Answer hair cells - Answer receptor cells for hearing found in the cochlea # of inner hair cells - Answer 3,500 # of outer hair cells - Answer 15,000 90-95% of all cochlear nerve fibers receive input from which hair cells? - Answer inner hair cells (IHC) Inner Hair Cells (IHC) - Answer -sensory function: send information to brain Outer Hair Cells (OHC) - Answer -cochlear amplifier: amplify the IHC signal by moving the basilar membrane -send 'some' information to the brain tectorial membrane - Answer tonotopic map - Answer representation in the auditory cortex of different sound frequencies -high frequencies @ base of basilar membrane -low frequencies @ apex of basilar membrane high frequencies are found @ the ______________ of the basilar membrane - Answer base low frequencies are found @ the ______________ of the basilar membrane - Answer apex tonotopic map - Answer depolarization of hair cells - Answer -bend to largest cilia -K+ channels open & K+ enters the cell... -increasing the receptor potential -turning into/generating AP @ auditory nerve -Ca++ channels open & Ca++ enters the cell too.. -a release of NT's to the afferent nerve then travel up to the brain when a hair cell depolarizes what ions enter the cell? - Answer K+ & Ca++ enter the cell depolarization hair cell - Answer hyperpolarization of hair cell - Answer -cilia bends to smallest -decrease in receptor potential -causes decrease in AP -K+ & Ca++ channels remain closed Hyperpolarization of hair cell - Answer spatial hearing - Answer ability to locate the direction of a sound spatial hearing - Answer Interaural differences -ILD -ITL interaural time difference - Answer the difference in arrival time of the same sound at the two ears interaural level difference - Answer the difference in level (intensity) between a sound arriving at one ear versus the other interaural time difference - Answer interaural level difference - Answer sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head auditory pathway - Answer -sound enters ear -stimulates cochlea -CN VIII -superior olivary cortex (SOC) -lateral lemniscus (LL) -inferior colliculus (IC) -medial geniculate body/nucleus (MGB)...part of thalamus -auditory cortex