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BHCS2005 - Clinical Haematology and Biochemistry - Platelets Summary £8.99
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BHCS2005 - Clinical Haematology and Biochemistry - Platelets Summary
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A complete summary of the platelet aspect of BHCS2005 clinical haematology and biochemistry module for biomedical science at Plymouth University.

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  • November 10, 2023
  • 6
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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Platelets Cheat Sheet



Haemostasis

 Haemostasis is the arrest of bleeding from the interaction between blood vessels and
platelets

 Coagulation is the formation of fibrin that involves plasma proteins and calcium ions

 Fibrinolysis is the dissolution of fibrin

 There are 4 main systems to arrest blood loss

o Vascular system

o Platelets

o Coagulation system

o Fibrinolytic system



Platelets

 Platelets are essential for haemostasis

o Form primary haemostatic plug

 They facilitate coagulation by providing a phospholipid surface and clotting factors

o They also promote healing of the vascular endothelium using platelet derived
growth factor

 Platelets consist of irregular smooth discs and have a life span of 7-10 days

 The components of platelets consist of

o Alpha granule

o Electron dense granule

o Glycogen

o Submembranous filaments

o Dense tubular system

o Mitochondria

o Glycocalyx

 Surface glycogens play role in platelets including

o GPIA - for adhesion to collagen on exposed subendothelial

o GP1B and GPIIb/IIIa - for attachment to platelets to vWF

, o GPIIb/IIIa - for the binding site of fibrinogen



Phospholipid Membrane

 Arachidonic acid is bound to membrane phospholipids

 It is liberated by the action of specific phospholipases allowing it to take part in the
prostaglandin pathway

 Neutral phospholipids on the outside and amino phospholipids on the inside

o Neutral phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin

 On injury Flip by PL scramblase allows coagulation complexes to assemble



Prostaglandins

 Activated adenylyl cyclase has a positive effect on cAMP levels

 This lowers Ca2+

 Therefore inhibiting membrane hydrolysis



Thrombopoiesis

 Thrombopoiesis is the formation of platelets in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes

 Megakaryocytes arise from CFU-Meg

 Platelet formation is regulated by thrombopoietin formed by the liver and kidney

o It acts through C-MPL receptors

o It increases maturation and release of platelets




 Thrombocytopaenia means low numbers of circulating platelets

o Its caused by leukaemia, aplastic anaemia and cytotoxic drugs



Granules

 Dense granules contain non protein materials

o ADP for aggregation

o ATP for energy

o Serotonin as a vasoconstrictor

o Ca2++ for coagulation and actin and myosin coupling

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