Final Exam STS 402 Verified 100% Correct!!

Final Exam STS 402 Verified 100% Correct!! Hassan al Banna Founder of Muslim Brotherhood the Muslim Brotherhood formed in Egypt by Hassan al Banna Mohammed ibn Abdul Wahhab () religious reformer who wanted to purge Islam of anything beyond the traditions accepted by Mohammed and the 4 rightly guided caliphs. Conducted campaigns against Sufis and Shi'ites. Sayyid Qutb () Published "milestones". Militarized ideas of Wahhab in Egypt and formed a militant group of the Muslim brotherhood. Milestones What book did Sayyid Qutb publish that outline the theology of the jihadist revolution? Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi against ISIS; one of the most influential Jihadi Salafi scholars in the world today Abu Basir al Tartusi against ISIS; a Syrian jihadist who fled Syria and taught from East London. Denounces terrorism but supports Jihadi Salafi theology and Europeans who fight the Syrian government. Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya () apalled by the slaughter in crusades and sought to find an answer in his faith. Also around during massive Mongol invasion. Believed Crusaders and Mongols defeated Islamic armies bc of Islamic sin. Had a huge influence on Mohammed ibn Abdul Wahhab. Abu Musab al Suri wrote "a call to global Islamic resistance" which called for leaderless resistance and non-communicate terrorism by Jihadists on any target around the world; considered a military manual. Referred to by CNN as 'the most dangerous terrorist you've never heard of' A Call to Global Islamic Resistance What book did Abu Musab al Suri write? Abu Bakr Naji wrote "Management of Savagery" which champions terrorism and argues that it is necessary to create a caliphate and that they should brag about brutal repression Management of Savagery what book did Abu Bakr Naji write Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI) Pakistani domestic and foreign intelligence service created by the British in 1948 9/11 Commission bipartisan National commission on terrorist created after 9/11 Abdullah Azzam The Palestinian leader of Hizb ul Tahrir and the spiritual mentor of bin Laden Sayyid Imam al Sharif One of Egypts leading militants in the 1970s. Seen as a traitor by violent Jihadists bc while jailed he renounced the violent al Qaeda-style militancy. Dr. Ayman al Zawahiri huge helper of Osama Bin Laden; helped him bring al Qaeda to power. Leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) what group was Dr. Ayman al Zawahiri the leader of? Desert Shield Multinational military operation aimed at protecting Kuwait and Saudi Arabia from Iraqi invasion in 1990 (Became Operation Desert Storm when the first cruise missiles began to hit Iraq in January 1991). Desert Storm What 'Desert Shield' turned into when the military launched a ground offensive between Jan. and Feb. in 1991 Gulf War Taliban Islamic group that governed Afghanistan from Mullah Omar Leader of the Taliban World Islamic Front against Jews and Crusaders An organization created in 1998 by Osama bin Laden and Ayman al Zawahiri. It represents a variety of jihadist groups that issued a united front against Jews and the West. It is commonly called al Qaeda. Haqqani Network A family in the tribal area of Pakistan that has relations with several militant groups and the ISI. The Haqqani family is involved in organized crime, legitimate businesses, the ISI, and terrorism groups. It is the major power broker in the tribal region. Nasir al Wuhayshi spiritual leader of AQY and then AQAP Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) group that grew from tangled political situation in Yemen Qasim al Raymi helped Wuhayshi form AQY and then AQAP. Became leader of AQAP in 2015 Ibrahim al Asiri AQAP's master bomb maker; known for perfecting chemical bombs that had the ability to pass through metal detectors. Anwar al Awlaki American-born Muslim cleric who worked to build US-Muslim relations after 9/11 but was arrested in Yemen in 2006 and swore allegiance to AQAP in 2009. Inspired the attack on Fort Hood. Nidal Malik Hasan inspired by Awlaki to go on shooting spree at Fort Hood in 2009 Mokhtar Belmokhtar Algerian Jihadist who joined AQIM; later broke from AQIM and formed the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJWA). Know for attack on natural gas facility in Southern Algeria that killed more than 80 people; Nicknamed Mr. Marlborough for smuggling so many cigs. Ansar al Sharia (also in Tunisia) Formed in 2012, composed of Sunni Jihadists seeking to create an Islamic state in Libya Ansar al Sharia (also in Libya) Founded in 2011 by former mujahideen from Afghanistan; seeking to establish an Islamic state in Tunisia. Ansar Bayt al Maqdis primary approaching grounds are the Sinai peninsula, formed in 2011 after the Arab Spring Abu Musab al Zarqawi Founder of al-Qaida in Iraq (AQI) which led to ISIS, ISI, and Jabhat al Nusra al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) (led to creation of ISIS, ISI, and Jabhat at Nusra) What group did Abu Musab al Zarqawi found Abu Omar al Baghdadi 1st leader of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) who took command after murder of Zarqawi Abu Bakr al Baghdadi emerged as leader of ISI after death of Abu Omar al Baghdadi and changed the group name to ISIS. Believed to be the direct descendent of Mohammed; declared Caliph of the Islamic state in 2014. Launched a car bombing campaign in called "Breaking the Walls" in Iraqi cities. Abu Mohammed al Jawlani formed Jabhat al Nusra in 2011 (which ended up being the most effective group in the Syrian Civil War. Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) created by Pakistani intelligence to strike at Indian targets in Jammu and Kashmir; works in conjunction with al Qaeda Jammu and Kashmir mountainous area in Northern India claimed by both India and Pakistan (source of heavy fighting in 3 different wars) The Pakistani Taliban After American offensive in Afghanistan in 2001, members of the Taliban retreated in the Federal Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan and this group formed out of it Red Mosque located in Islamabad (capital of Pakistan) as a madrassa and school for women; taught militant theology. Pakistani government ordered the mosque closed in 2007 which caused a shootout and standoff Thailand The Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO) (formed in India) is from what country? Thailand The Barisan Revolusi, coordinate (BRN-C) is from what country? Thailand Gerakan Mujahedeen Islami Pattani (GMIP) is from what country? Indonesia Lashkar Jihad (formed to fight Christians in the East) is from what country? Indonesia Jamaat Islamiyya (formed to bring its country under strict Islamic law) is from what country? Philippines the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is from what country? Philippines Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is from what country? Philippines Abu Sayyaf Cyprus where was Britain's Middle Eastern headquarters at the end of WWII? Ethnic Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA) group of greek nationalists led by Georgios Grivas to overthrow British in Cyprus National Liberation Front (NLF) Algerian nationalist movement that launched a guerrilla war to frighten French out of their country. Launched a campaign of "blind terrorism" David Galula French captain who fought in Algeria. Wrote a critique strategy in Paris that inspired counter-insurgency doctrine in U.S. Blind Terrorism Used by the FLN; included indiscriminate attacks against French outpost (women played a big role) Kikuyu tribe tribe forced to relocate in western Kenya because of British colonialism (which led to talks of violence by the "Mau Mau") Panga heavy bladed machete used in agricultural work in Kenya; favored by people who took the Mau Mau oath Habib Akdas founder of al Qaeda in Turkey Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) led by Abdullah Ocalan Abdullah Ocalan leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) Uighar nationalists China's ethnic Turkmen who believe Xinjiang is their homeland. Use Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan as their bases. Movement predates al Qaeda by 245 years. Kazakhstan and Kyrgystan where Uighar nationalists form their bases Sikh been around for over 500 years in India, sought independence in Punjab after India was partitioned in 1947 Golden Temple most sacred shrine of Sikhism. In 1984, Indian military forces entered this temple and thousands were killed (leading to numerous terror campaigns around the world by Sikhs). endemic terrorism clashing of ethnic or tribal groups (used to describe terrorism in sub-Saharan Africa) Al Shabab Somalian militants; attacked Garissa University in 2015 in Kenya killing 147 students. Ideologically apart of the jihadist network. Transnational Federal Government (TFG) group established by the UN in 2004 to govern Somalia and unite clans. Failed and lost power in 2012. Islamic Courts Union (ICU) A confederation of tribes and clans seeking to end violence and bring Islamic law to Somalia. It is opposed by several neighboring countries and internal warlords. African Union (AU) organization of 54 African states to promote peace, security, and economic development Godane takes over al Shabab after the death of its first leader with goal of placing al Shabab in the al Qaeda network Domestic Terrorism (DI) and International Terrorism (IT) two basic categories of terrorism as classified by the FBI Skinhead young individuals or groups that embrace racial hatred and white supremacy The Order inspired by William Pierce's "The Turner Diaries"; the violent right-wing racist group of the 1980s that killed Jewish radio talk show host Alan Berg The Turner Diaries book by William Pierce that inspired The Order Fourteen Words racist words coined by a member of The Order named David Lane who said 'we must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children' David Lane who coined the Fourteen Words Free-Wheeling Fundamentalism term used by white supremacists or Christian Patriots who selectively use Bible passages to justify the patriot agenda Anglo Israelism The belief that the lost tribes of Israel settled in western Europe. The basis for most Christian Identity beliefs Christian Identity Religion that grew from Free-Wheeling Fundamentalism and Anglo-Israeli beliefs; content that Jews spawned from Satan and non-whites evolved from animals Nordic Christianity (Neo-Paganism) religion that incorporates the ancient Norse gods in a hierarchy under the Christian triune diety, although many adherents simply abandon Christianity Creativity rejects Christianity and Judaism altogether. Claims that white people must struggle to defeat Jews and nonwhite races; calls for a racial holy war (RAHOWA) Ben Klassen