Earth Science Latest Update Graded A

Earth Science Latest Update Graded A abiotic Non-living biotic living detritus Dead organic matter ecosystem all the living things interacting with one another and all the nonliving things in a particular place organism A living thing population all the members of one species living together in the same place at the same time species a group of organisms that are closely related and are able to mate and produce fertile offspring What is an ecosystem? all the living things interacting with one another and all the nonliving things in a particular place What five things do ecosystems need to survive? energy water living organisms oxygen mineral nutrients Define the term organism. an individual living thing Define the term habitat. the place that an organism lives Define the term species. a group of organisms that are closely related and are able to mate and produce fertile offspring Define the term population. all the members of one species living together in the same place at the same time Define the term community. all the populations of all the different species living together in the same place, in the same ecosystem, interacting with one another What are the similarities and differences between species and populations? Select all that apply. A population only describes a species in a specific place at a specific time. & Both population and species describe similar individuals that could mate and produce fertile offspring. Is detritus biotic or abiotic? biotic What are the biotic factors of an ecosystem? living organisms and detritus Select three abiotic factors of an ecosystem. nutrients water sun Why would habitat destruction cause a species to become endangered? Certain species are adapted to live only in their habitat. If their habitat is being destroyed, they might not have the necessary resources to survive, such as shelter and food. Why do you think artificial ecosystems are not self-sustaining? Artificial ecosystems are isolated from the natural outside environment, and often only select species are allowed in, so organisms or nutrients that might be required for self sustaining life are tyally missing. biome a large area with a specific climate and certain types of plant and animal communities What is a biome? a large area with a specific climate and certain types of plant and animal communities What are three things that determine a biome? precipitation plants temperature Explain latitude and altitude and tell how temperature, latitude, and altitude affect which plants grow in an area. Latitude affects where one is on the globe relevant to the equator and poles. The closer to the equator, the warmer it is. Altitude is a measure of how high something is off the surface. The higher in altitude, the colder it gets. Certain plants are adapted to certain temperature ranges. Explain how precipitation affects which plants grow in an area. Certain plants are adapted to certain amounts of precipitation. Generally, greater precipitation supports larger plants such as trees. The less the precipitation, the smaller the plant becomes. Select all the biomes that are forests. taiga temperate rain forest temperate deciduous rain forest tropical rain forest Select all the biomes that are grasslands and deserts. savanna chaparral temperate grassland tundra desert Select an adaptation that plants have in desert biomes. Succulent plants have thick, waxy, and fleshy stems that store water. Select some adaptations that animals have in the taiga. Wolves develop a thick coat and hares live underground during the harsh winter months. List these biomes in order from the greatest to least diversity (temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, temperate rain forest). tropical rain forest temperate deciduous forest temperate rain forest Why do temperate deciduous forests have more diversity than temperate rain forests? More light can reach the forest floor of temperate deciduous forests, allowing for different species to grow. benthos Bottom-dwelling organisms. biological productivity a measure of the amount of organic matter that is produced in a given amount of time decomposers organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter estuary an area where rivers meet the ocean or fresh water mixes in with salt water nekton the free-swimming organisms in water Select the four types of organisms that live in aquatic ecosystems. plankton nekton benthos decomposers Select the five the different types of freshwater ecosystems. wetlands (marshes and swamps) streams ponds rivers lakes Select the three different types of marine ecosystems. open oceans coral reefs coastal wetlands (estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, rocky and sandy shores) Where are the littoral and benthic zones located, and what types of organisms will you find there? The littoral zone is near the shore and is nutrient rich. Here, aquatic life is diverse and abundant. The benthic zone is the bottom of the lake and is home to decomposers, insect larvae, and filter feeders such as freshwater clams. Define biological productivity. a measure of the amount of organic matter that is produced in a given amount of time Why are estuaries very productive ecosystems? Estuaries receive both nutrients from the rivers and sunlight in the shallow waters. Why do you think the open ocean is not a productive ecosystem? Most of the ocean does not receive sunlight. The productive places in the ocean are the places where plankton can carry out photosynthesis (near the surface) or the bottom, where benthic organisms can feed off the detritus. Why are coral reefs known as the rain forest of the sea? With thousands of different species of plants and animals, they are one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on earth, similar to rain forests. keystone species those species in an ecosystem that are so vital to the other species that their removal causes drastic changes in an ecosystem How is energy transferred from one organism to another? by one organism eating another organism What role do producers play? Producers take energy from light or chemicals and transform it to a form usable by other life. What happens in photosynthesis? Plants, protists, and some bacteria transform light and carbon dioxide into a simple sugar (C6H12O6 and oxygen). What happens in chemosynthesis? Archaebacteria take chemical compounds such as sulfur and convert the chemicals to an energy form usable for life. Explain the differences between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Herbivores only eat plants. Carnivores only eat animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. How does a food chain work? A food chain is a simple way to see what eats what in an ecosystem. It flows in only one direction. How does a food web work? A food web is a more complex diagram that shows several different eating relationships within an ecosystem. Which method best represents energy flow through ecosystems? Food webs are a more complete representation of what actually occurs in ecosystems. Define keystone species. species in an ecosystem that are so vital to the other species that their removal causes drastic changes in an ecosystem Explain why the gopher tortoise is a keystone species. Gopher tortoises make burrows that end up being used by over 250 different species of animals. Without these burrows, these creatures would lose their homes and many different species also might become extinct. entropy the measure of disorder in a system Which method do you think best represents energy flow through ecosystems? Why?This question counts 20% of your lesson grade. thermodynamics, i think its the best way to represent energy flow because have you ever taken a glass out of the dishwasher right after it had finished running? the concept of energy is that it cannot be created or destroyed a perfect exampled of this is because the heat energy from the glass when you fill it up with something cold causes the glass to explode! this is because of the laws of thermodynamics. there was two different types of energies inside of the glass that had cause too rapid of cooling on the class which caused it to explode. What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? energy can neither be created nor destroyed What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? As energy transforms from one state to another state, it gets more disordered (entropy) or is less efficient. How do trophic pyramids portray the Second Law of Thermodynamics? At the top of trophic pyramids, very few animals can be sustained. It takes a lot of energy for the top predators to remain alive. The energy in the bottom layers of the pyramid does not equal the energy at the top, as much energy was lost to entropy through the food chain. Define entropy. the measure of disorder in a system What does a trophic pyramid show? Trophic pyramids show how useful energy is lost (Second Law of Thermodynamics) from one trophic level to the next. Is a trophic pyramid more representative of a food web or a food chain? Why? It is more representative of a food chain because it only shows energy flow in one direction. Define biomass. the total weight or mass of a living organism How does a biomass pyramid work? Biomass pyramids show how much mass each energy level possesses. What is a pyramid of numbers? Number pyramids portray the number of organisms in specific ecosystems. While the numbers might not show the actual number of individuals in a specific ecosystem, the numbers are in proportion to the other energy levels. Look at Fig. 5.3. How does this graphic show that eating less meat or no meat is good for the environment? The less meat a person eats, the more people can be supported by the same number of producers. commensalism a relationship where one species benefits from another species and that species is neither harmed nor helped mutualism a close relationship in which two different species provide a benefit to each other niche an organism's role in its habitat including its physical home, the environmental factors it needs to survive, and all its interactions with other species in the same ecosystem parasitism the relationship that exists when an organism lives in or on another organism and feeds off that organism predation the relationship that exists when one organism eats another organism symbiosis the relationship that exists when two organisms live in close association with each other Fill out the missing pieces in this table. harmed benefited harmed mutualism commensialism Using the five types of relationships discussed in this Lesson, write a paragraph showing these types of relationships with humans. For example, two people might be in competition for the same job.This question counts 20% of your lesson grade. well with humans we can use the example of parasites, parasitic bugs including bed bugs, leeches, tics, and multiple others actually the only one you can benefit from are leeches because leeches actually increase your blood circulation and dont really cause you any harm, but bed bugs can leave you itchy and covered in bits, tics suck on your blood until they are eventually full and detach themselves or they stay until you have to remove them by burning them! tell me that isnt disgusting 1) How is a niche different than a habitat? A niche is more than a physical place; it's a species' role in a specific place and it can change from habitat to habitat. 2) Define niche. an organism's role in its habitat including its physical home, the environmental factors it needs to survive, and all its interactions with other species in the same ecosystem 3) Select the five different types of relationships among living things in ecosystems. competition predation mutualism commensalism parasitism 6) What are the similarities and differences between predation and parasitism? Select all that apply. In parasitism, the parasite lives off and weakens its host. In predation, the harmed species gets killed and eaten. In both predation and parasitism, one species is helped and the other harmed. 7) Define symbiosis. the relationship that exists when two organisms live in close association with each other 8) How is symbiosis similar to commensalism and mutualism? Symbiosis overlaps mutualism and commensalism. It's a more general term. 9) Using the five types of relationships discussed in this Lesson, write a paragraph showing these types of relationships with humans. For example, two people might be in competition for the same job. well with humans we can use the example of parasites, parasitic bugs including bed bugs, leeches, tics, and multiple others actually the only one you can benefit from are leeches because leeches actually increase your blood circulation and dont really cause you any harm, but bed bugs can leave you itchy and covered in bits, tics suck on your blood until they are eventually full and detach themselves or they stay until you have to remove them by burning them! tell me that isnt disgusting