Portage Learning Final Exam Patho Questions with Correct Solutions A+

Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. - FALSE Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia. - TRUE Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia - FALSE Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer - TRUE Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions - TRUE A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. - FALSE Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells - FALSE Endometrial hyperplasia is a normal physiologic occurrence - FALSE Nutritional deprivation can cause tissue to atrophy - TRUE Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy - TRUE Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a type of dysplasia - TRUE During pregnancy, uterine enlargement is caused by hypoplasia. - FALSE Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - It is involved in cellular respiration. They play a role in apoptosis. Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - -Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation -Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells -Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. - -Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane -Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell -Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures Which is true of the cytoskeleton? Select all that apply. - -It controls shape and movement -Cilia and flagella are microtubule-filled cellular extensions Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - -They are found far from the site of energy consumption -They control free radicals Which of the following are false regarding cell communication? - Paracrine signaling releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - dry gangrene- tissue becomes dry, shrinks, wrinkles and color changes dark brown or black, result of cut off arterial blood supply wet gangrene- cold, swollen and pulseless, skin is moist, black and under tension, blebs form on surface, liquefaction occurs and foul odor caused by bacteria Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. - Necrosis refers to cell death in an organ or tissues that is still part of a living person. It often interferes with cell replacement and tissue regeneration. Coagulative necrosis results most often from a sudden cutoff of blood supply to an organ (ischemia), particularly the heart and kidney. Liquefactive necrosis occurs when some of the cells die but their catalytic enzymes are not destroyed. It is commonly seen with brain infarcts or abscesses. Caseous necrosis occurs as part of granulomatous inflammation and is most often associated with tuberculosis.Gangrenous necrosis most often affects the lower extremities or bowel and is secondary to vascular occlusion. The term gangrene is applied when a considerable mass of tissue undergoes necrosis. In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.