lecture notes including: acid-base balance, buffer systems, new bicarbonates, alterations in balance,what makes infants and the elderly more susceptible
1
Week 6, Lecture
Renal Acid-Base Balance
Acid-base balance
Describes pH
Can be acidic or alkaline
Blood pH
o Very tight
o 7.34-7.38
o Must be kept in balance
o Venous and arterial blood can be at either side of the spectrum
Gastrointestinal tract is very acidic as it has a specific function
o Lose a lot of acid through vomiting
Acid can donate protons
o Increase in H pH will fall, and acidity will rise
Bases accept protons
o Decrease H pH rises acidity falls
Buffer systems
Can adapt to changes in pH
Prevent major changes in pH
Can bind to and release hydrogen ions when needed
Regulated by
o Chemical buffers
o Respiratory centres
o Renal system
Acids are being created constantly
Acids come from food
Metabolism
o From breakdown through respiration
Meets blood system
Proteins can act as a buffer for hydrogen ions
Lungs can increase or decrease ventilation
Kidneys release excess hydrogen ions
Buffering systems
Respiratory system
o Bicarbonate
Blood
o Bicarbonate
o Phosphate
o Proteins
Kidneys
o Bicarbonate
o Phosphate
o Ammonia
Phosphate buffer systems
Intercellular
Renal tubular buffer
Concentration in plasma low
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