HESI Admission assessment A&P Practice test 99 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

HESI Admission assessment A&P Practice test 99 Questions with Verified Answers What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions? - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium Calcium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must be present for a - CORRECT ANSWER muscle cell to contract In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? - CORRECT ANSWER Pelvic cavity What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? - CORRECT ANSWER Diaphragm Major body cavities are divided into the dorsal cavity includes the cranial and spinal cavities - CORRECT ANSWER ventral cavity includes the orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function? - CORRECT ANSWER Simple columnar epithelium—secretion or absorption The four fundamental tissues are - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues Epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs. Connective tissue is the - CORRECT ANSWER framework of the body, providing support and structure for the organs. Nerve tissue is composed of - CORRECT ANSWER neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as neuroglia. Muscle tissues have the ability to - CORRECT ANSWER contract or shorten. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this? Epithelial - CORRECT ANSWER .. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Neuroglia Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? - CORRECT ANSWER Connective What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? - CORRECT ANSWER Cell The cell is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs. - CORRECT ANSWER The nucleus, which contains deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, and ribosomes are especially important in the synthesis of proteins. Which type of cell division takes place in the gonads? - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis Meiosis is the special cell division that takes place in the - CORRECT ANSWER gonads, that is, the ovaries and testes. In the process of meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23, - CORRECT ANSWER so when the egg and the sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? - CORRECT ANSWER Heel of the foot What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion? - CORRECT ANSWER Eccrine glands eccrine gland - CORRECT ANSWER regulate body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the surface of the skin. in the armpits and groin area, display apocrine secretion. - CORRECT ANSWER This secretion contains bits of cytoplasm from the secreting cells. The skin is the largest - CORRECT ANSWER organ of the body. The skin consists of two layers: - CORRECT ANSWER the epidermis and the dermis the epidermis - the outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER the dermis -the underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures. epidermis, from outer layer to inner layer, are the - CORRECT ANSWER stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum granulosum, and the innermost stratum germinativum includes stratum basale and stratum spinosum, where mitosis occurs. Epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called melanin - CORRECT ANSWER which protects against radiation from the sun. The inner layer of the skin is the dermis, - CORRECT ANSWER composed of fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. Skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body by participating in the production of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply.) A. Support the body B. Hemopoiesis D. Provide protection - CORRECT ANSWER Functions of the skeletal system include support, movement, blood cell formation -hemopoiesis, protection of internal organs, detoxification -removal of poisons, provision for muscle attachment, and mineral storage -particularly calcium and phosphorus. The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. What is he describing? - CORRECT ANSWER Diaphysis this is meaning to the shaft of the bone the middle of it. You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needlelike structures. What is the tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER Spongy bone A typical long bone has an irregular epiphysis at each end - CORRECT ANSWER composed mainly of spongy -cancellous bone Which of the following bones is the only moveable bone of the skull? - CORRECT ANSWER Mandible the axial skeleton: 28 bones of the skull - CORRECT ANSWER 14 facial bones and the 14 bones of the cranium. The facial bones are 2 nasal bones, 2 maxillary bones, 2 zygomatic bones, 1 mandible, 2 palatine bones, 1 vomer, 2 lacrimal bones, and 2inferior nasal conchae. - CORRECT ANSWER The bones of the cranium are the single occipital, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid and the paired parietal, temporal, and ossicles of the ear (malleus, incus, and stapes). the axial skeleton: 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae fused to form the sacrum, and the 1 coccygeal vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER 1 the bones of the thorax, 1 the sternum, 1 and the 12 pairs of ribs. 33 bones of the vertebral column Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER They are under conscious control. Muscle tissue is classified as voluntary muscle - skeletal muscles or - CORRECT ANSWER involuntary muscle -smooth muscle and cardiac muscle tissue. All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Neurons All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over neurons, - CORRECT ANSWER or nerve cells, the functional units of the nervous system. The main parts of a neuron are the - CORRECT ANSWER cell body, axon, and dendrites. Dendrites transmit the impulse toward the cell body, - CORRECT ANSWER and axons transmit the impulse away from the cell body. Motor or ____________ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. - CORRECT ANSWER Efferent Motor -efferent neurons transmit nerve impulses - CORRECT ANSWER away from the CNS toward the effector organs such as muscles, glands, and digestive organs. Sensory - afferent neurons transmit nerve impulses - CORRECT ANSWER toward the CNS. Jeffery has contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warranted such a dire prognosis? - CORRECT ANSWER The medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration. the medulla oblongata controls many vital functions such as - CORRECT ANSWER respiration and heart rate What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called? - CORRECT ANSWER Hormones Hormones are chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells. - CORRECT ANSWER There are two major groups of hormones, steroid and nonsteroid hormones. Steroid hormones enter the target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus. Some nonsteroid hormones are protein hormones. - CORRECT ANSWER Many protein hormones remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually asubstance called adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Most hormones affect cell activity by altering the rate of protein synthesis. Which of the following are tropic hormones? (Select all that apply.) Somatotropin Follicle-stimulating hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone - CORRECT ANSWER A,B,D tropic hormones Somatotropin hormone STH or growth hormone GH Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH Luteinizing hormone LH - CORRECT ANSWER STH GH ACTH TSH FSH LH Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.) A. Monocytes—become macrophages B. Basophils—the most common type of WBC C. Lymphocytes—important in immune response D. Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER A,C,D The heart has an intrinsic beat that is initiated by which of the following? Sinoatrial node - CORRECT ANSWER . Vasodilation and vasoconstriction result from which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Relaxation and contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall The walls of the arteries are thick and elastic, and they carry blood under high pressure. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation result from contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls. - CORRECT ANSWER These changes influence blood pressure and blood distribution to the tissues. The walls of the veins are thinner and less elastic than those of the arteries, and they carry blood under lower pressure Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? Capillary - CORRECT ANSWER . What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? External respiration - CORRECT ANSWER . In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? - CORRECT ANSWER Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs Inhalation requires the contraction of the diaphragm to enlarge the thoracic cavity and draw air into the lungs. - CORRECT ANSWER Exhalation is a passive process during which the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following? It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. - CORRECT ANSWER . How does the trachea remain open like a hollow tube? Supporting cartilaginous rings keep it open. - CORRECT ANSWER . The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following? Chyme - CORRECT ANSWER . What is the function of aldosterone? It conserves sodium in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed where for decontamination? Liver - CORRECT ANSWER . Which are the functional units of the kidney? Nephrons - CORRECT ANSWER . What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? Production of gametes and production of hormones - CORRECT ANSWER . In men, spermatozoa develop within the ____________ of each testis. Seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWER . Testicular activity is under the control of which hormone(s)? Both FSH and LH - CORRECT ANSWER . Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy? Estrogen - CORRECT ANSWER . During pregnancy, what organ produces the hormones that maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production? Placenta - CORRECT ANSWER . What is an anterior muscle? Quadriceps femoris - CORRECT ANSWER Located near the front body, quadriceps frontal thigh muscle is most anterior. How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury? By limiting hyperextension of the neck. - CORRECT ANSWER The headrest prevent the head drom moving too far backward, extending the nwck beyond its normal range. Which might you expect to see in a wiplash injury? Traumatic injury to ligaments - CORRECT ANSWER Hyperflexion & hyperextension caused by such a collision, its not common to find tears or stretching of the ligaments of the spine. The is jury is front to back. Muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are know as? Defecation - CORRECT ANSWER The elimination of waste. Which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy? Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins give nutrients or support metabolism they do not give energy. Where would you be likely to find a schwann cell? In the nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER Schwann cells wrap around the nerve fibers and form the myelin sheath in thr peripheral nervous system. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system? The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment. - CORRECT ANSWER The nervous system is made up of the brain, apinal cord, and nerves. It receives and transmits signals from the environment that regulate voluntary and involuntary movement. Which part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves? The somatic system - CORRECT ANSWER The somatic nervous system has to do with reception of external stimuli and voluntary control of the muscles. Where might a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain? Along the sciatic nerve - CORRECT ANSWER Lumbar is your lower back, pain will be radiating downward along sciatic nerve. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh? - CORRECT ANSWER Femur the ovaries are part of the? - CORRECT ANSWER reproductive system of the following processes which one is a different level of defense from the others? body cells recognizing a pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER cells recognizing a pathogen are a 3rd line of defense. which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth? the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER hormones from the endocrine system, particularly from the pituitary gland regulate growth which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve? left atrium and left ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER the mitral valve opens to allow oxygenated blood collected in the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle. how might vitamin D deficiency present? as crooked bones - CORRECT ANSWER the disease know as rickets is a product of vitamin D deficiency and results in the softening and bending of the bones. how does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system? lympth draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels - CORRECT ANSWER ones of the jobs of the lymphatic system is to prevent excess fluid from accumulating in tissues by collecting it and moving it into the circulatory system via the brachiocephalic veins. what is the function of the parathyroid hormone? activating vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER the parathyroid hormone regulates calcium in the body through several means, one of which is increasing the production of activated vitamin D. which feature of the ear is most medial? cochlea - CORRECT ANSWER the most medial feature is the one closest to the middle of the body. which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person's pulse and blood pressure? 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mmHg - CORRECT ANSWER the average person in good health has a pulse of about 72 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 120 over 80 mm Hg. how does a sagittal section divide the body? into right and left regions - CORRECT ANSWER sagittal section occurs along a longitudinal plane, diving the body into right and left regions. how is pepsin used by the body? to break down proteins - CORRECT ANSWER pepsin aids chemical digestion int he stomach by breaking down proteins. the esophagus is part of? digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER the esophagus is the passage that connects the pharynx to the stomach. which mineral supports the function of the thyroid? Iodine - CORRECT ANSWER iodine is the key mineral in the thyroid hormone production. iodine deficiency can cause a gioter, swelling of the thyroid gland. the cheekbones are _ to the nose. lateral - CORRECT ANSWER the cheekbones are to the right and left of the nose, meaning that they are lateral to it, or away from the body's midline. which organ system is primarly responsible for generating antibodies? lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER antibodies are formed when an antigen stimulates B cells, special lymphocytes, to produce specialized proteins that combat foreign substances or organisms.