PMHNP Certification "Purple
Book" Chapter 13
Repeated use of a substance with or without physical dependence. - -
Dependence
-Use that is inconsistent with sociality use patterns. - -Abuse
-Usually applies to a prescribed substance. - -Misuse
-Reversible syndrome caused by a specific substance affecting memory,
judgment, behavior, or social or occupational functioning. - -Intoxication
-Substance-specific symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing use. - -
Withdrawal
-Needing more of the substance to get the desired effect. - -Tolerance
-Behaviors of abuse are seated in oral-stage fixation. A person seeks
gratification through oral behaviors. - -Psychodynamic theory
-People with a strong genetic vulnerability to addiction are thought to have
defects in the working of the reward center of the brain, which predisposes
them to stronger-than-normal positive rewards that draw them to substance
use. - -Biological theory
-Positive rewards of reinforcement with substance use are mediated by the
______________ pathways. - -dopamine
-Negative rewards such as increased anxiety and dysphoria with substance
use are mediated by the _____________ pathways. - -GABA
-Reinforcement occurs in the ___________ and the _____________of the brain,
collectively called the reward center. - -ventral tegmental area; nucleus
accumbens
-What are natural morphine-like neurotransmitters are called? - -
Neuropeptides
-Eventually, associated drug use stimuli (e.g. pictures of drug paraphernalia)
can cause _______ release, leading to reinforcement of use and often to
increased drug use. - -dopamine
Book" Chapter 13
Repeated use of a substance with or without physical dependence. - -
Dependence
-Use that is inconsistent with sociality use patterns. - -Abuse
-Usually applies to a prescribed substance. - -Misuse
-Reversible syndrome caused by a specific substance affecting memory,
judgment, behavior, or social or occupational functioning. - -Intoxication
-Substance-specific symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing use. - -
Withdrawal
-Needing more of the substance to get the desired effect. - -Tolerance
-Behaviors of abuse are seated in oral-stage fixation. A person seeks
gratification through oral behaviors. - -Psychodynamic theory
-People with a strong genetic vulnerability to addiction are thought to have
defects in the working of the reward center of the brain, which predisposes
them to stronger-than-normal positive rewards that draw them to substance
use. - -Biological theory
-Positive rewards of reinforcement with substance use are mediated by the
______________ pathways. - -dopamine
-Negative rewards such as increased anxiety and dysphoria with substance
use are mediated by the _____________ pathways. - -GABA
-Reinforcement occurs in the ___________ and the _____________of the brain,
collectively called the reward center. - -ventral tegmental area; nucleus
accumbens
-What are natural morphine-like neurotransmitters are called? - -
Neuropeptides
-Eventually, associated drug use stimuli (e.g. pictures of drug paraphernalia)
can cause _______ release, leading to reinforcement of use and often to
increased drug use. - -dopamine
