AQA Sociology - Education (Paper 1) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

AQA Sociology - Education (Paper 1) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Functionalist Approach -Answer-Take a consensus view. Education performs 3 main functions - socialisation into a shared culture, teaching specialist work skills, selecting people for work roles. Education is organised on meritocratic principles. New Right Approach -Answer-Take a conservative view. Education should be based on market principles. Marxist Approach -Answer-Take a class conflict view. Education's role is to serve capitalism. It's an ideal state apparatus that reproduces and legitimises inequality through correspondence principle and myth of meritocracy. Feminist Approach -Answer-Take a patriarchal view. Education still benefits the male gender more. Post-Modernist Approach -Answer-Economy has become post-fordist. Education is becoming more diverse and flexible. Cultural Capital -Answer-The knowledge middle class parents have that allows them to navigate the education system to best benefit their children. Centre for Longitudinal studies (2007) -Answer-By the age of 3, children from disadvantaged backgrounds are already up to one year behind those with more privileged backgrounds. Gap widens with age. Bernstein (1975) -Answer-Speech codes. Restricted code used by the working class. Elaborated code used by middle class. Restricted Code -Answer-Primarily working class. Limited vocab. Based on short, unfinished, grammatically simple sentences. Speech is predictable. May only use single word or gestures. Descriptive not analytic. Speaker assumes listener shares same experiences. Elaborated Code -Answer-Primarily middle class. Wide vocab, grammatically complex sentences. Varied speech communicating abstract ideas. Speaker makes no assumptions so spell out meanings explicitly. Douglas (1964) -Answer-Working class parents place less value on education. Less ambition for children, less encouragement, rarely/not visiting schools. As a result, WC children have less motivation and lower achievement. Feinstein (2008) -Answer-Parents education affects children's achievement. Educated MC parents have a more disciplined, high expectancy parenting style, are more aware of what is needed for progress, and can use income to promote success (e.g. private tutoring). Uneducated WC parents have harsh, inconsistent parenting style, less understanding of what is needed for progress, and little/no disposable income to promote success. Working-Class Subculture -Answer-Members of the WC have different goals, beliefs, and attitudes that clash with education. Sugarman (1970) -Answer-There are 4 key features of WC subculture that act as barrier to educational achievement. Fatalism, Collectivism, Immediate gratification, and Present-time orientation. Fatalism -Answer-The belief in fate. "What will be, will be". Nothing you can do to change your fate so why bother approach.