NOTE: I GOT AN A IN THIS EXAM USING ONLY THESE NOTES!! A detailed and concise set of notes that are 28 pages long and cover all parts of the Diverse Places section of the Edexcel Geography 2016 specification. Includes the local vs contrasting place comparison I used in my exam as well as relevant c...
- There has been natural populaton growth since 1900s in which fertlity rate > mortality rate
-> Atributable to immigratio which has brought an infuu of people with diferent cultural
beliefs, e.g. tend to have larger families ; may be against methods of family planning ; may
have a diferent idea of when women should setle down and have a family
-> has increased fertlity rate
-> Atributable to chaoges io lifestyle aod diet and availability of medicioe – means that people
stay alive longer and thus we now have an ageing populaton
-> has decreased mortality rate
-> Immigratio in general has also caused populaton growth
e.g. afer 004 due to A8 countries ooining the EU populaton growth increased
NORTH-SOUTH DRIFT:
Populaton growth varies throughout the UK:
- The North has euperienced litle growth or sustained decline due to
- rising prosperity of London and SE England – has become a hub of modern service
industries and a fnance centre
- decline of manufacturing industries in areas where it used to be heavily upheld, e.g.
coal and steel industries in the Midlands and North of England has declined – this is
due to foreign competton and technological advances that make these industries less
economically viable
-> as a result of deiodustrialisatio, workers losing their oobs are moving out to
other areas to fnd a new oob, ofen moving South to economic hubs
The 10 English areas with the slowest prooected populaton growth are all in
the North West/East.
- Meanwhile the South has euperienced rapid populaton growth due to
- as above, London’s rising role as home of an eupanding knowledge economy
-> This has led to a rise in internal migraton and internatonal migraton to
London, partcularly of high-skilled graduates
England’s average populaton growth is 7% whereas London’s is 13%.
8 of the 10 fastest growing areas are in London
This is known as the North-South drif and was at its peak in the 80s and 90s following
deindustrialisaton [as a result of the Global Shift – in which people in the North are
progressively migratng South to the economic core where economic prosperites are greater.
-> This is a type of core-periphery relatonship where the South is the core and the North is the
periphery.
POPULATION DENSITY:
As eupected, populaton density is lowest in the North and higher in the South, especially in
the South-East near London
This is mostly due to ecioimic geigraphy as euplained above, in that populaton density is
greater in the South in the economic core because there are cites that act as hubs, and have a
lot of economic actvity and industry going on e.g. London, Birmingham
-> Distance from the economic core afects populaton density, e.g. Cornwall and Scotland
have a lower populaton density because they have a less atractve economic geography
, But physical geigraphy also has an impact. In Wales and Scotland for euample, the physical
geography is very mountainous and it also doesn’t have the best climate, so fewer people are
able to live there
Factors afectng populaton density within an urban area:
Inner city tends to have terraced housing – from when
during industrial tmes, workers would live close to their Rural-urban fringe will have a sudden rise in
work and so would only need cheap housing without a lot pop dens due to high-rise estates and fats
of space. During regeneraton, this is knocked down and built on the edge of the city so people can
replaced with high-rise fats. Thus – high pop dens live here and commute into city for work.
Green belt land
Low pop dens
around the edge of
because the CBD
the city is to
is mostly
prevent urban
entertainment
sprawl – the
and shopping.
indefnite spreading
But recently
of the city
there has been
outwards. There’s a
some movement
high pop dens right
back to the CBD
before it because of
– will usually be
the planning
high-rise fats.
Decreased pop dens in the suburbs due to mostly having restrictons placed
semi-detached/detached housing – more spacious so less on green belt land –
people concentrated in one area in comparison to inner city. then suddenly
NOTE: called interwar because these houses were built in drops when
1930s between the two wars. Called depression because planning no longer
there’s a depression in the graph. allowed on rural-
urban fringe
- Physical environment – fairly fat land is easier and cheaper to build on than steep
slopes and food plains -> greater populaton density
- Socio-economic status – more wealthy members of society live in more eupensive
housing, typically in areas with a low populaton and housing density because the
housing is more spacious, more aesthetcally pleasing, and they are also living away
from polluton -> lower populaton density
- Dwelling type and household size – lots of fats in a certain area and also having lots
of people living in one house -> higher populaton density
- Functons – functon of actvites placed nearby directly and indirectly afects
populaton density
Directly – when housing is miued with non-residental actvites such as shops, parks,
etc -> this lowers populaton density as less of the area is occupied by housing
Iodirectly – certain actvites can afect housing demands nearby, e.g. manufacturing
will create a demand for cheaper housing nearby for workers [as it did in the Industrial
periodt -> cheaper, smaller housing is created nearby which increases populaton
density
- Planning – e.g. green belt land. But also planning consent issued by local government/
council stpulated how many dweller units are to be built per hectare, as well as
deciding the locaton of non-residental actvites -> impacts populaton density
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