Rh and ABO Incompatibility; Neonatal Complications Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Rh and ABO Incompatibility; Neonatal Complications Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass * Rh Incompatibility * - Answer-Rh - mother Rh + fetus Mother's body considers Rh+ blood as foreign substance (an antigen) - Antibody response is triggered - During pregnancy - small amount of fetal blood may enter maternal circulation - Placental separation (greatest risk) - Large amounts of fetal blood enters maternal circulation Rh Incompatibility - Without Preventive Tx - Answer-Maternal antibodies made against Rh+ blood - Rh sensitization/Isoimmunization Fetal/Newborn effect: - Antibodies attack Rh+ blood cells (cross the placenta) - Hemolysis of fetal/newborn RBCs: * Hemolityc anemia * Pathological jaundice Rh Incompatibility Prevention: RhoGAM - Answer-Suppresses mother's normal immune response - Does not recognize fetal cells as foreign substance - No antibody formation - No sensitization Screening for Sensitization - Mother - Answer-All Rh- women AT about 28 weeks' of gestation Indirect Coombs: 1. If negative: - Mother is not sensitized - Mother given prophylactic RhoGAM 2. If positive: - Mother sensitized - too late as mother has created antibodies already - NO RhoGAM - Fetus is AT RISK for hemolytic anemia and jaundice Ax mother for Rh: 1. If mom is a Rh - 2. a. If a candidate for RhoGAM (no antibodies) 2. b. If NOT a candidate for RhoGAM 3. If she needs RhoGAM at all Screening for Sensitization - Infant at Birth - Answer-1. Rh + infant blood sample 2. Direct Coombs: a. If negative: - Mother is not sensitized - Mother receives RhoGam within 72 hours to prevent antibody formation b. If positive: - Mother has become sensitized - Infant has been exposed to maternal antibodies * Monitor infant for jaundice * Tx infant for hemolytic anemia 3. Rh - - RhoGAM is NOT necessary RhoGAM Summary - Answer-Admin at 28 weeks' gestation - Rh - mother - Indirect Coombs negative