Psychology of Personality Exam 1 - Questions and Answers

Psychology of Personality Exam 1 - Questions and Answers Critics of the neodissociation theory of hypnosis challenge the interpretation of the "hidden observer" demonstrations by conducting experiments in which they tell the "hidden observer" it will experience less pain when hypnotized. ask the "hidden observer" to report experiences through "automatic writing." tell the participant that the experimenter's machine can determine if he or she is lying. give the same instructions to people who are not hypnotized. Researchers find that each of us tends to rely on some defense mechanisms more than others. They refer to these individual patterns as the person's coping style. developmental level. emotional maturity level. defensive style. Suppose you had to go all night without sleep in order to study for a final exam. If you suffer from _________, you will receive more REM sleep the next night. recurrent dream phenomenon the rebound effect extreme relaxation associated with having the final exam finished the paradox of sleep Which of the following is false about sexual jokes? Freud suggested we laugh at sexual jokes to reduce tension. Jokes are often tolerated when open discussions of sex are inappropriate. Most sexually oriented jokes contain a great deal of humor. Freud argued that the humor content of a sexual joke rarely justifies the laughter. Which of the following defense mechanisms is said to protect the individual by attributing unacceptable thoughts to someone else? sublimation reaction formation denial projection Freud identified which defense mechanism as the cornerstone of psychoanalysis? sublimation dreaming repression denial Which statement best summarizes the results of research that presents hostile humor to angry participants? The findings are almost completely consistent with Freud's theory. The findings support the Freudian prediction about catharsis, but not the prediction about reducing aggression. The findings are mixed, sometimes supporting Freud's predictions, other times not. The findings are almost completely at odds with Freud's theory. The influence of psychoanalytic theory can be seen most clearly in which explanation of hypnosis? absorption theory neodissociation theory nontrance theory role theory If your friend the therapist agrees with Freud, the person would say that the content of our dreams reveals unacceptable ideas that are really acceptable. unconscious conflicts and desires. anxieties we were born with. much useless information. Some male participants in one study were told they scored high in femininity on a personality test. The investigator then asked the participants to tell stories about pictures in TAT cards. The investigator was studying masculinity and femininity. coping strategies. aggression. defense mechanisms. Research on the relationship between personality trait measures and hypnotic responsiveness generally has found personality traits such as sensation and extraversion are moderately correlated with hypnotic responsiveness. hypnotic responsiveness is related to a person's ability to become highly involved in sensory or imaginative experiences. no consistent evidence relating personality trait measures to hypnotic responsiveness. hypnotic responsiveness has more to do with the hypnotist's talent than the subject's ability to become hypnotized. Which of the following do researchers commonly used to measure defense mechanisms? self-report inventories projective tests behavioral interviews hypnosis Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams? Although there are a few exceptions, the frequencies found in American samples tend to be found in other cultures as well. American and European samples show different frequencies than nonsamples. Male characters tend to show up in dreams more frequently in malesocieties. Although a consistent pattern is found in the results from different American samples, no clear pattern emerges when looking at studies using participants from other cultures. Which of the following has been found effective for improving a person's hypnotic responsiveness? finding a compatible hypnotist giving the subject more experience with hypnosis changing the subject's expectancy to one of active involvement and responding changing the subject's personality When researchers asked people to rate cartoons for funniness, they found that each participant experienced a cathartic release of tension. cartoons with sexual and aggressive themes were rated as funnier than cartoons with other themes. the likelihood of participants acting aggressively significantly increased. funniness ratings were inconsistent with predictions from Freudian theory. Based on research findings, older children are more likely to use the defense mechanism of _________ than younger children. projection identification reaction formation sublimation