Summary Every formula of Quantative historical methods
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Module
Quantative Historical Methods (CH2216)
Institution
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
These are all the formula's of QuantativeHistorical methods. The second year course of International Bachelor History at the Erasmus University. I explained them and also added the SPSS functions.
Percentile PSS:sort ascending> ‘analyze’ > ‘descriptive statistics’>
S
‘frequencies’ > statistics > percentile
→ fill in the percentile that you want to find
- Rank/N*100 N→ total number of cases
Which graph? Nominal:
- Absolute/relative → Bar chart
- Univariate/bivariate → Stacked graph, Pie chart
Ordinal/scale:
- Absolute/relative/cumulative → Histogram
, - nivariate/bivariate → Time series (line), Boxplot, Population
U
pyramid
ini coëfficiënt
G ini coefficient: Value between 0 and 1 (or 0 and 100) →
G
and lorenz curve 0 represents total equality, 1 total inequality
- tells u: the distribution of income or consumption among
individuals or households
The Gini coefficient captures how far the Lorenz curve falls from the
'line of equality'
- lorenz curve: is the curve from the straight line
ne-Sample
O PSS: Analyze > Compare Means:
S
T-Test One-Sample T-Test
- look at the two boundaries (lower, upper)
- tells u: examines whether the mean of a population is
statistically different from a known or hypothesized value =
(observed – expected)
Independent- PSS: Analyze > Compare Means:
S
Samples T-Test Independent-Samples T-Test
- look at levrens test smaller than 0.05, choose the second row
→ look at 2-tailed sig. smaller than 0.05 it is significant
- tells u: compare 2 sample means to one another
Z-scores PSS ‘Analyze’ → ‘Descriptive Statistics’ → ‘Descriptives’ → ‘save as
S
variable’
- Creates a new variable
- 0 is the average of ditribution→ 0.9= 0.9 standard deviations
away from the central value
- z score can be plus or minus → minus=left, plus=right
- tells u: how far from the mean a data point is (the amount of
deviations)
enter and
C PSS: ‘Analyze’ → ‘Descriptive statistics’ → ‘Statistics’
S
distribution nominal
(mode, median, - mode
mean) ordinal
- median and quartile deviation. Median, mode and quartiles.
(quartiles: Q3-Q1/2)
scale
- mean with arithmetical average. Median, mode, mean, std
deviation, skewness, quartiles
- Median: used when data is skewed a lot (more than 1 or -1) →
divides the exact middle
- Mode: value that occurs the most
- Mean: all the observations counted up/the amount of
observations
Trendline Linear regression line /
- Straight line
- ‘Fit line’ in SPSS’ Graph Editor
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