MSN 611 ALL ANSWERS CORRECT

MSN 611 ALL ANSWERS CORRECT Where are H4 receptors located? ️predominantly found on eosinophils, neutrophils, and T cells. In the stomach, histamine is released by: ️enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells Toxic effect of first-generation antihistamines ️cardiac arrhythmias Anaphylaxis and Antihistamine ️Steroids may be added as adjunct therapy Central nervous system side effect of antihistamines that elderly patients should be aware of ️fatigue Indication of H2 antihistamines used ️used to inhibit the secretion of gastric acid in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders Which of the following is a second-generation antihistamine that cannot be removed by hemodialysis? ️Cetirizine (Zyrtec) Initial selection of antimicrobial therapy is: ️Initial selection of antimicrobial therapy is typically empiric, meaning before the causative pathogen has been identified Food-drug or drug-drug interactions with antibacterial medications are usually addressed by: ️This interaction is usually addressed by separating the administration times or avoiding the combination Multiple drug combination treatment for tuberculosis ️It has decreased risk of resistance Know about description of IFN-B ️FN-β products have antiviral properties but are used for multiple sclerosis, not infections Side effect of first-generation antihistamines related to their anticholinergic activity? ️dry mouth, dry eyes, urinary retention, constipation, and cognitive disturbances. Anticholinergic side effects can be further exacerbated by other anticholinergic medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Because monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can also exacerbate anticholinergic side effects, first generation antihistamines should not be used during treatment or within 2 weeks of MAOI discontinuation How is enterobiasis diagnosed? ️Pinworm can be diagnosed by perianal swab using adhesive tape that is examined microscopically for eggs Know tuberculosis treatment. ️Directly observed therapy (DOT) is a strategy to ensure adherence to the drug regimen and is an especially critical element to regimens with any frequency less than daily dosing. Because these agents are highly susceptible to drug-drug interactions, any exaggerated side effects or inadequate therapeutic responses when using isoniazid and rifamin should be considered in light of potential drug interactions with other medications the patient is taking concurrently. According to the universal prescribing alerts for aminoglycosides, extended use increases risk for infection by which of the following pathogens? ️Can cause C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis with extended use Systemic chemotherapy that is given prior to surgery or radiation serves to: ️The use of systemic treatment to eliminate micrometastatic disease after surgery or radiation is called adjuvant therapy. When it is administered, the goal is to prevent recurrence of the cancer and improve survival. Systemic therapy can also be given prior to surgery or radiation; in this case, it is called neoadjuvant therapy. The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to reduce the tumor burden and to increase the effectiveness of the local treatment. How is tumor lysis syndrome managed in leukemia patients? ️IV hydration Acrolein is a toxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide that can cause: ️hemorrhagic cystitis Which category of antineoplastic drugs offers an alternative when traditional treatments fail? ️Immunosupressant antineoplastic agents Topoisomerase inhibitors target enzymes that control changes in DNA ️structure Which method is used to administer dactinomycin? ️only by the intravenous route FDA-approved indication for methotrexate? ️Meningeal leukemia Trophoblastic neoplasms Breast cancer Folate antimetabolites are eliminated primarily through the: ️kidneys Purpose of using autonomic drugs in topical form ️vasoconstriction and to shrink mucous membranes Autonomic drugs have little effect when administered: ️orally Which of the following statements accurately describes an activity or function of acetylcholine? ️It is the primary neurotransmitter within the peripheral nervous system Number of muscarinic receptors ️five Potential adverse side effect of autonomic-anticholinergic agents in older males ️exacerbations of symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy due to worsening urinary retention Effectiveness of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants ️Most evidence does not support their effectiveness. Which of the following drugs is FDA-approved for Alzheimer's disease? ️Donepezil Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes ️bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) block, which may then exacerbate syncope or hypotensive events How do "mixed acting" sympathomimetic drugs work? ️may directly activate the release of NE while also indirectly causing a release of NE Indication of GABA-derivative antispasmotic agents used effectively to control muscle spasm? ️multiple sclerosis FDA-approved use for belladonna ️Moderate pain to severe pain associated with ureteral spasm (bladder spasm) not responsive to non-narcotic analgesics Which of the following is a synthetic muscarinic receptor antagonist that possesses M3 receptor selectivity? ️darifenacin and solifenacin Which autonomic agents may stimulate insulin production, increase glycogenolysis in the liver, and complicate the management of diabetes mellitus? ️Sympathomimetic autonomic agents In the sequential thrombin amplification process, activated thrombin induces production of: ️fibrin Which step in the clotting cascade allows prothrombin to be converted to thrombin? ️factor X to factor Xa The anticoagulant drug that acts as a vitamin K antagonist is: ️Coumadin Which mechanism of platelet inhibition is exhibited by aspirin? ️Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition What do hemorrheologic agents do? ️Decrease viscosity of blood Protocol for dextran administration. ️Dextran administration should be cautious, starting with smaller bolus volumes of 500 to 1000 mL (Dextran 40) with evaluation of patient's volume status, including but not limited to, blood pressure, heart rate, renal function, and urine output before giving