Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2 with Verified Solutions

Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2 with Verified Solutions type 1 diabetes Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. type 2 diabetes Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production. Pathophysiology of diabetes The pathophysiology of diabetes involves plasm concentrations of glucose signaling the central nervous system to mobilize energy reserves. It is based on cerebral blood flow and tissue integrity, arterial plasma glucose, the speed that plasma glucose concentrations fall, and other available metabolic fuels. Low plasma glucose causes a surge in autonomic activity. acromegaly abnormal enlargement of the extremities. occurs in adults hyperthyroidism excessive activity of the thyroid gland- >thyroxine ØInsomnia, restlessness, tremor, irritability, palpitations, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, diarrhea, inability to concentrate that interferes with work performance; enlarged thyroid gland ØIncreased basal metabolic rate leads to weight loss, although appetite and dietary intake increase. hyperperathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the parathyroid glands become overactive and secrete too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This causes the levels of calcium in the blood to rise, a condition known as hypercalcemia. childhood gigantism pituitary gigantism when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. if not treated they will have a lower life expectancy and weak limbs. risk of cardiomegaly and heart failure hypothyroidism A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal ØDecreased basal metabolic rate ØWeakness, lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased appetite ØBradycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and mild/moderate weight gain ØElevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides ØEnlarged thyroid, dry skin, constipation ØDepression, difficulties with concentration/memory ØLoss of eyebrow Menstrual irregularity primary hypothyroidism Hashimoto's disease (causes your immune system to mistakenly attack your thyroid) fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, depression, muscle weakness. secondary hypothyroidism low TSH low levels of T3 and T4 myxedema occurs in severe or prolonged hypothyroidism. ØGeneralized, non-pitting edema ØDecreased level of consciousness, hypotension, hypothermia, history of precipitating event (trauma, sepsis, certain drugs) ØMay progress to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition if treatment not received graves disease primary hyperthyroidism removal of thyroid Amenorrhea absence of menstruation In primary amenorrhea, menstrual periods have never begun (by age 16), whereas secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for three consecutive cycles or a time period of more than six months in a woman who was previously menstruating. Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone adrenal gland failure