VCLA (reading) exam study guide fully solved & verified for accuracy 2024

complete subject Includes all the words that tell whom or what the sentence is about inferences look for an answer choice that has a similar phrase to the statement in question drawing conclusion look for critical phrases such as likely, may, can etc. Never an extreme negative or positive correct answer derive from passage, no outside info needed. implication something suggested paraphrasing Putting into words the ideas or feelings you have perceived from the message Sumarizing main idea + supporting details Descriptive Text focus on particular subject, contains many adjectives and adverbs expository passage aims to inform and enlighten includes first, next. for example etc clarity and comprehension persuasive passage change the mind of readers appeal authors emotions and opinions cause and effect chain When cause and effects are linked narrative passage plot,characters,figurative language technical passage written to describe a complex object or process; common in medical and technological fields jargon vocabulary distinctive to a particular group of people Identifying Author's Purpose to persuade to inform to describe to entertain denotative meaning the literal meaning of a word connotative meaning the affective or interpretive meanings attached to a word metaphor A comparison without using like or as purpose to entertain colorful language colorful language Creates a strong image through unusual and striking words, especially adjectives. Similie A comparison using "like" or "as" figure of speech a word or phrase used in a non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect. Prefixes for Time and/or space dia- through, across dis- away, off, down epi- upon ex- out hypo- under, beneath prefixes for time and space cata- down, away circum- around com- with, together contra- aganist, opposing de- from Structural anaylsis recognize words thru analysis of word unit prefixes for time and space post- after pre- before pro- foward retro- back sub- under, beneath ob- aganist per- through peri- around more prefixes a- in, on, of, up, to ab- from, away, off ante- before anti- aganist even more prefixes to know mis- bad, poorly mor- death neo- new omni- all, everywhere ortho- right, straight noun suffixes -ess feminine -hood state, condition -ion action, result, -ism act, manner overgeneralization Overly broad view of the objects or events that a concept includes. inductive reasoning specific to general deductive reasoning use of general facts or premises to come to specific conclusion straw man fallacy oversimplification or distortion of opposing circular reasoning a fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence