Straighterline Microbiology Final Exam 2024 Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Straighterline Microbiology Final Exam 2024 Questions With 100% Correct Answers The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. - answerphylogeny The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. - answerLast Universal Common Ancestor Organisms called parasites are ______. - answeralways harmful to their host Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? - answerThermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. - answerElectrons The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______. - answerrespiratory disease A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. - answersaturated One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? - answerlipid If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X? - answer95X NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? - answercell size of 0.5 to 2 microns Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? - answerelectron Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled? - answera solid medium a spongiform encephalopathy of humans - answerCreutzfeldt-Jacob disease The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______. - answeramphitrichous In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton? - answersaprobe During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells. - answergram-negative The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______ - answer80s Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true? - answerBacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid. - answericosahedral Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through - answerfecal oral the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome - answerlysogeny Which of the following is not associated with every virus? - answerenvelope When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______. - answerpalisade proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. - answerhistones Viral tissue specificities are called ______. - answertropisms the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. - answerlophotrichous E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship. - answermutualistic Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship. - answermutualistic The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______. - answerlag phase The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions. - answerhypotonic This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this organism would be ______. - answerphotoheterotroph A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______. - answerthermoduric microbe the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site - answerNoncompetitive inhibition Ribozymes are ______. - answercatalysts for RNA splicing Most electron carriers are ______. - answercoenzymes what is the usual net production of ATP? - answer2 Exergonic reactions occur during - answeraerobic cellular respiration Each nucleotide is composed of - answerone phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations. - answerdeletion and insertion The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that - answergenomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study of expressed proteins endosymbiotic theory - answereukaryotes Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area. - answeradenine-thymine A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. - answercapsid The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______. - answerhyphae in which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced? - answerthe electron transport system A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of - answergeneralized transduction Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis? - answercapsule Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by _______. - answerDNA ligase Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? - answertaxonomy