DASLE LDA Minnesota Already Graded A+

DASLE LDA Minnesota Already Graded A+ Extrinsic stains ️- appear on the exterior of tooth and can be removed ex: food, drinks, and tobacco Black line stain ️formation of a thin black to dark brown line slightly above the gingiva and following the contour of the gingival margin; found primarily in women and often in cases of excellent oral hygiene Air-powder polishing ️high-pressure stream of water and sodium bicarbonate orange stain ️this extrinsic stain is believed to be caused by chromogenic bacteria often related to drug therapy such as antibiotics. It is uncommon but if it does occur, it can be found on the lingual and facial surfaces of the anterior teeth near the gingival margin. Chlorhexidine Stain ️this stain occurs with prolonged use of chlorhexidine which is found in chewing gum and mouth rinse. It is yellowish to green to brown in color and appears in restorations. Intrinsic stains ️stains that are incorporated into the tooth structure, usually during the tooth's development, ex tobacco stains, smoking, chewing or dipping. Endogenous stains ️originate within the tooth through development and systemic disturbances. CANNOT BE REMOVED. Caused by - amount of flouride during formation of the tooth, medications used Exogenous stains ️originate outside the tooth caused by environmental agents Dental fluorosis ️occurs as a result of high concentrations of fluoride received systemically during tooth development. The color of the stain varies from white to yellow-brown or gray-brown. The outer surface may be pitted and rough depending on severity. The stain is distributed relative Pulp damaged or nonvital tooth stain ️this type of intrinsic stain occurs when the pulp is damaged or removed. This stain can vary in color from light yellow to black to green to magenta and is caused by blood and pulp tissues seeping into the dentin tubules. Tetracycline stain ️the result of high concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics taken during the time the tooth was developing. The stain varies in color from light green or yellow to dark gray-brown ZOE temporary luting cement ️most common because they have a sedative effect on sensitive teeth, eugenol can penetrate and diffuse through the dentin which can affect the bond strength, this material presents an excellent antibacterial effect. Polycarboxylate temporary luting cement ️Designed to replace eugenol with carboxylic acids that do not interfere with definitive cementation, they are compatible with resin products, show greater retention compared with ZOE, they do not have sedative effects on the pulp Resin temporary luting cement ️present high strength, excellent retention, better esthetics, easy cleanup, high incidence of microleakage, discoloration and odor associated with their use Aluminum crown ️can be trimmed with the crown and bridge scissors (or sometimes referred to as the crown and collar scissors), the sharp cervical margins can be polished with a ribber abrasive wheel, the contouring pliers are used to crimp the cervical margins of the crown toward the tooth to obtain a tight fit and proper cervical contour Classifications of cements type I ️luting agent - acts as an adhesive to hold the indirect restoration to the tooth structure; includes temporary and permanent cements Type II cement ️used as a restorative material for restoring areas of erosion in class V Type III ️includes liners and bases that are placed within the cavity prep Type IV ️used for pit and fissures Type V ️used in cementation of orthodontic bands and brackets Type VI ️used for core buildup of a restoration Permanent cements ️used for long-term cementation of cast-inlays, crowns, bridges, laminate veneers, ortho fixed appliances (also referred to as a luting cement) Glass Ionomer ️one of the most versatile types, adheres to enamel, dentin and metallic materials. Type I glass ionomer ️for cementation of metal restoration and direct-bonded ortho brackets Type II glass ionomer ️for restoring areas of erosion near gingiva type III glass ionomer ️as a liner and dentin - bonding agent Benefits of glass ionomer ️releases fluoride, less trauma or shock to pulp, low solubility in mouth, adheres to slightly moist tooth, self-curing, light-cured, powder, liquid or premeasured capsules (more convenient, less mixing time, consistent powder-to-liquid ratio Glass Ionomer Liquid ️poly acrylic acid copolymer and water Glass Ionomer Powder ️Silica, alumina, aluminum fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, aluminum phospate Resin Cement (Composite resin) ️ceramic or porcelain inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges, ceramic veneers, ortho bands, direct bonding of ortho brackets, metal-based crowns and bridges, tooth must be free of all plaque and debris and must be prepared by etching or by treatment with bonding system before cementation, powder and liquid, syringe-type applicator as a base and catalyst, in versatile light cured/dual cured system Benefits of Fluoride ️remineralizes early carious lesions, reduces the enamel solubility and reduces dental hypersensitivity Fluoride uptake is excreted by ️kidneys Exposure of fluoride between ___ is optimal ️0.7 and 1.2 ppm Major effects of fluoride ️Topical or systemic Water fluoridation contains ️1 ppm Topical examples of fluoride ️Fluoridated toothpaste, topical applications of gels, foams, and varnish